图中显示了曲线 y=sqrt2x+4y = \\sqrt{2x + 4} 的一部分,曲线与 xx 轴交于点 AA,与 yy 轴交于点 BB。曲线在点 BB 处的法线与 xx 轴交于点 CC。

  1. (i)

    写出 BB 点的坐标。

  2. (ii)

    求 CC 点的坐标。

  3. (iii)

    求阴影部分的面积。

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完整解法

9(i)

1. Find the y-coordinate of point B by setting x = 0

At point BB, the curve crosses the yy-axis, so x=0x = 0.
y=2(0)+4y = \sqrt{2(0) + 4}
y=4=2y = \sqrt{4} = 2

答案

(0,2)(0, 2)

9(ii)

1. Find the derivative of the curve equation

y=(2x+4)12y = (2x + 4)^{\frac{1}{2}}
dydx=12(2x+4)−12⋅2=12x+4\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{2}(2x + 4)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2x + 4}}

2. Find the gradient of the tangent at point $B$

At BB, x=0x = 0.
Gradient of tangent, mt=12(0)+4=12m_t = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2(0) + 4}} = \frac{1}{2}

3. Find the gradient and equation of the normal at $B$

Gradient of normal, mn=−1mt=−2m_n = -\frac{1}{m_t} = -2
Since BB is (0,2)(0, 2), the equation of the normal is:
y−2=−2(x−0)y - 2 = -2(x - 0)
y=−2x+2y = -2x + 2

4. Find the coordinates of $C$ by setting $y = 0$

At CC, the normal meets the xx-axis, so y=0y = 0.
0=−2x+20 = -2x + 2
2x=2  ⟹  x=12x = 2 \implies x = 1
Coordinates of CC are (1,0)(1, 0).

答案

(1,0)(1, 0)

9(iii)

1. Find the coordinates of points A, B, and C from the earlier parts

For AA, y=0  ⟹  2x+4=0  ⟹  x=−2y = 0 \implies \sqrt{2x+4} = 0 \implies x = -2. So A(−2,0)A(-2, 0).
For BB, x=0  ⟹  y=4=2x = 0 \implies y = \sqrt{4} = 2. So B(0,2)B(0, 2).
dydx=12(2x+4)−12(2)=12x+4\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{2}(2x+4)^{-\frac{1}{2}}(2) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2x+4}}.
At x=0x = 0, gradient of tangent =12= \frac{1}{2}.
Gradient of normal =−2= -2.
Equation of normal at BB: y−2=−2(x−0)  ⟹  y=−2x+2y - 2 = -2(x - 0) \implies y = -2x + 2.
For CC, y=0  ⟹  −2x+2=0  ⟹  x=1y = 0 \implies -2x + 2 = 0 \implies x = 1. So C(1,0)C(1, 0).

2. Set up the expression for the total shaded area

The shaded area is the sum of the area under the curve from x=−2x = -2 to x=0x = 0 and the area of the triangle formed by the normal from x=0x = 0 to x=1x = 1.
Area=∫−202x+4 dx+Area of △OBC\text{Area} = \int_{-2}^{0} \sqrt{2x+4} \, dx + \text{Area of } \triangle OBC

3. Evaluate the definite integral for the area under the curve

∫−20(2x+4)12 dx=[(2x+4)3232×2]−20\int_{-2}^{0} (2x+4)^{\frac{1}{2}} \, dx = \left[ \frac{(2x+4)^{\frac{3}{2}}}{\frac{3}{2} \times 2} \right]_{-2}^{0}
=[(2x+4)323]−20= \left[ \frac{(2x+4)^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} \right]_{-2}^{0}
=4323−0=83= \frac{4^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - 0 = \frac{8}{3}

4. Calculate the area of the triangle and find the total area

Area of △OBC=12×base×height=12×1×2=1\text{Area of } \triangle OBC = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{base} \times \text{height} = \frac{1}{2} \times 1 \times 2 = 1
Total Area=83+1=113=323\text{Total Area} = \frac{8}{3} + 1 = \frac{11}{3} = 3\frac{2}{3}

答案

3233\frac{2}{3}

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