本题不接受通过精确作图得出的解法。 在梯形 OABCOABC 中,点 AA 的坐标为 (5,0)(5, 0),点 CC 的坐标为 (−2,6)(-2, 6)。边 OCOC 和 ABAB 平行,且 BCBC 垂直于 OCOC。

  1. (i)

    证明点 BB 的坐标为 (212,712)\left(2\frac{1}{2}, 7\frac{1}{2}\right)。

  2. (12)
    1. (ii)

      已知 rr 是常数,求使 SS 取得驻值时 θ\theta 的值。

    2. (iii)

      判断 SS 的该驻值是极大值还是极小值。

  3. (ii)

    延长 OCOC 至 DD,使得 OABDOABD 为平行四边形。

    求 DD 的坐标。

  4. (iii)

    求 OCOC 的垂直平分线的方程。

  5. (iv)

    EE 是 OCOC 的垂直平分线上的一点,使得四边形 OAECOAEC 的面积为 15 单位2^2。已知 EE 的 xx 坐标为正数,求 EE 的坐标。

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完整解法

13(i)

1. Find the gradient of $OC$.

Gradient of OC=6−0−2−0=−3OC = \frac{6 - 0}{-2 - 0} = -3

2. Find the equation of line $AB$.

Since ABAB is parallel to OCOC, gradient of AB=−3AB = -3.
Equation of ABAB passing through A(5,0)A(5, 0):
y−0=−3(x−5)y - 0 = -3(x - 5)
y=−3x+15y = -3x + 15

3. Find the gradient of $BC$.

Since BCBC is perpendicular to OCOC, gradient of BC=−1−3=13BC = -\frac{1}{-3} = \frac{1}{3}.

4. Find the equation of line $BC$.

Equation of BCBC passing through C(−2,6)C(-2, 6):
y−6=13(x−(−2))y - 6 = \frac{1}{3}(x - (-2))
y=13x+23+6y = \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{2}{3} + 6
y=13x+203y = \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{20}{3}

5. Solve the equations of $AB$ and $BC$ simultaneously to find the coordinates of $B$.

Substitute y=−3x+15y = -3x + 15 into the equation of BCBC:
−3x+15=13x+203-3x + 15 = \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{20}{3}
Multiply by 3:
−9x+45=x+20-9x + 45 = x + 20
10x=2510x = 25
x=2.5=212x = 2.5 = 2\frac{1}{2}
Substitute x=2.5x = 2.5 into y=−3x+15y = -3x + 15:
y=−3(2.5)+15=−7.5+15=7.5=712y = -3(2.5) + 15 = -7.5 + 15 = 7.5 = 7\frac{1}{2}
Therefore, the coordinates of BB are (212,712)\left(2\frac{1}{2}, 7\frac{1}{2}\right).

答案

Shown

13(iii)

1. Find the midpoint of $OC$

Midpoint of OC=(0+(−2)2,0+62)=(−1,3)OC = \left(\frac{0 + (-2)}{2}, \frac{0 + 6}{2}\right) = (-1, 3)

2. Find the gradient of $OC$ and the gradient of the perpendicular bisector

Gradient of OC=6−0−2−0=−3OC = \frac{6 - 0}{-2 - 0} = -3
Gradient of perpendicular bisector =−1−3=13= -\frac{1}{-3} = \frac{1}{3}

3. Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector

Using y−y1=m(x−x1)y - y_1 = m(x - x_1) with point (−1,3)(-1, 3) and gradient 13\frac{1}{3}:
y−3=13(x−(−1))y - 3 = \frac{1}{3}(x - (-1))
y−3=13x+13y - 3 = \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{1}{3}
y=13x+103y = \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{10}{3}

答案

y=13x+313y = \frac{1}{3}x + 3\frac{1}{3}

13(iv)

1. Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of $OC$ (from part iii).

Midpoint of OC=(0−22,0+62)=(−1,3)OC = \left(\frac{0-2}{2}, \frac{0+6}{2}\right) = (-1, 3)
Gradient of OC=6−0−2−0=−3OC = \frac{6-0}{-2-0} = -3
Gradient of perpendicular bisector = −1−3=13\frac{-1}{-3} = \frac{1}{3}
Equation of perpendicular bisector: y−3=13(x−(−1))  ⟹  y=13x+103y - 3 = \frac{1}{3}(x - (-1)) \implies y = \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{10}{3}

2. Express the coordinates of $E$ in terms of a single variable.

Since EE lies on the perpendicular bisector, let EE be (x,13x+103)\left(x, \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{10}{3}\right).

3. Set up the area equation for quadrilateral $OAEC$ using the shoelace formula.

Vertices in order: O(0,0)O(0,0), A(5,0)A(5,0), E(x,13x+103)E\left(x, \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{10}{3}\right), C(−2,6)C(-2,6).
Area = 12∣05x−200013x+10360∣\frac{1}{2} \left| \begin{matrix} 0 & 5 & x & -2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{10}{3} & 6 & 0 \end{matrix} \right|
15=12∣(0+5(13x+103)+6x+0)−(0+0−2(13x+103)+0)∣15 = \frac{1}{2} \left| (0 + 5(\frac{1}{3}x + \frac{10}{3}) + 6x + 0) - (0 + 0 - 2(\frac{1}{3}x + \frac{10}{3}) + 0) \right|
30=∣53x+503+6x−(−23x−203)∣30 = \left| \frac{5}{3}x + \frac{50}{3} + 6x - \left(-\frac{2}{3}x - \frac{20}{3}\right) \right|
30=∣253x+703∣30 = \left| \frac{25}{3}x + \frac{70}{3} \right|

4. Solve for the positive $x$-coordinate of $E$.

253x+703=30or253x+703=−30\frac{25}{3}x + \frac{70}{3} = 30 \quad \text{or} \quad \frac{25}{3}x + \frac{70}{3} = -30
25x+70=90or25x+70=−9025x + 70 = 90 \quad \text{or} \quad 25x + 70 = -90
25x=20  ⟹  x=0.825x = 20 \implies x = 0.8
25x=−160  ⟹  x=−6.425x = -160 \implies x = -6.4
Since the xx-coordinate of EE is positive, x=0.8x = 0.8.

5. Find the corresponding $y$-coordinate of $E$.

y=13(0.8)+103=0.8+103=10.83=3.6y = \frac{1}{3}(0.8) + \frac{10}{3} = \frac{0.8 + 10}{3} = \frac{10.8}{3} = 3.6
Coordinates of EE are (0.8,3.6)(0.8, 3.6).

答案

(0.8,3.6)(0.8, 3.6)

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