图中显示了曲线 y=15(0.5x+1)y = \frac{15}{(0.5x+1)} 的一部分和一条直线 y=1.25x−10y = 1.25x - 10。 该直线与 yy 轴相交于点 PP,与 xx 轴相交于点 QQ,与曲线相交于点 RR。

  1. (a)

    求 PP 和 QQ 的坐标。

  2. (b)

    求 RR 的坐标。

  3. (c)

    求由曲线、直线 y=1.25x−10y = 1.25x - 10 以及 yy 轴所围成的阴影区域的面积。

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完整解法

10(a)

1. Find the coordinates of $P$ by setting $x = 0$

For the yy-intercept PP, substitute x=0x = 0 into the equation of the line:
y=1.25(0)−10y = 1.25(0) - 10
y=−10y = -10
So, PP is (0,−10)(0, -10).

2. Find the coordinates of $Q$ by setting $y = 0$

For the xx-intercept QQ, substitute y=0y = 0 into the equation of the line:
0=1.25x−100 = 1.25x - 10
1.25x=101.25x = 10
x=101.25=8x = \frac{10}{1.25} = 8
So, QQ is (8,0)(8, 0).

答案

P(0,−10)P(0, -10), Q(8,0)Q(8, 0)

10(b)

1. Equate the equations of the curve and the line to find the intersection points

150.5x+1=1.25x−10\frac{15}{0.5x+1} = 1.25x - 10

2. Rearrange into a standard quadratic equation

15=(1.25x−10)(0.5x+1)15 = (1.25x - 10)(0.5x + 1)
15=0.625x2+1.25x−5x−1015 = 0.625x^2 + 1.25x - 5x - 10
0.625x2−3.75x−25=00.625x^2 - 3.75x - 25 = 0
Multiply by 8 to remove decimals:
5x2−30x−200=05x^2 - 30x - 200 = 0
x2−6x−40=0x^2 - 6x - 40 = 0

3. Solve the quadratic equation for $x$

(x−10)(x+4)=0(x - 10)(x + 4) = 0
x=10 or x=−4x = 10 \text{ or } x = -4

4. Determine the valid coordinates of $R$

From the diagram, RR is in the first quadrant, so x>0x > 0. Therefore, x=10x = 10.
Substitute x=10x = 10 into the equation of the line:
y=1.25(10)−10=12.5−10=2.5y = 1.25(10) - 10 = 12.5 - 10 = 2.5
The coordinates of RR are (10,2.5)(10, 2.5).

答案

(10,2.5)(10, 2.5)

10(c)

1. Find the $x$-coordinate of the intersection point $R$ by equating the equations of the curve and the line.

150.5x+1=1.25x−10\frac{15}{0.5x+1} = 1.25x - 10
15=(1.25x−10)(0.5x+1)15 = (1.25x - 10)(0.5x + 1)
15=0.625x2+1.25x−5x−1015 = 0.625x^2 + 1.25x - 5x - 10
0.625x2−3.75x−25=00.625x^2 - 3.75x - 25 = 0
Multiply by 8:
5x2−30x−200=05x^2 - 30x - 200 = 0
x2−6x−40=0x^2 - 6x - 40 = 0
(x−10)(x+4)=0(x - 10)(x + 4) = 0
Since RR is in the first quadrant, x=10x = 10.

2. Set up the definite integral for the area bounded by the curve, the line, and the $y$-axis.

Area=∫010(150.5x+1−(1.25x−10))dx\text{Area} = \int_{0}^{10} \left( \frac{15}{0.5x+1} - (1.25x - 10) \right) dx

3. Integrate the expression.

∫(150.5x+1−1.25x+10)dx=[15ln⁡(0.5x+1)0.5−1.25x22+10x]010\int \left( \frac{15}{0.5x+1} - 1.25x + 10 \right) dx = \left[ \frac{15 \ln(0.5x+1)}{0.5} - \frac{1.25x^2}{2} + 10x \right]_0^{10}
=[30ln⁡(0.5x+1)−0.625x2+10x]010= \left[ 30 \ln(0.5x+1) - 0.625x^2 + 10x \right]_0^{10}

4. Evaluate the definite integral to find the area.

Substitute x=10x = 10:
30ln⁡(0.5(10)+1)−0.625(10)2+10(10)=30ln⁡(6)−62.5+100=30ln⁡6+37.530 \ln(0.5(10)+1) - 0.625(10)^2 + 10(10) = 30 \ln(6) - 62.5 + 100 = 30 \ln 6 + 37.5
Substitute x=0x = 0:
30ln⁡(1)−0+0=030 \ln(1) - 0 + 0 = 0
Area=30ln⁡6+37.5≈91.2527≈91.3 units2\text{Area} = 30 \ln 6 + 37.5 \approx 91.2527 \approx 91.3 \text{ units}^2

答案

30ln⁡6+37.530 \ln 6 + 37.5 or 91.391.3 units2^2

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