如图所示,直线 l1l_1 和 l2l_2 相交于点 PP。直线 l1l_1 的方程为 3y−4x+40=03y - 4x + 40 = 0,直线 l2l_2 的方程为 4y+x=484y + x = 48。点 MM 是 OPOP 的中点。直线 l2l_2 与 yy 轴相交于点 QQ,直线 l1l_1 与 xx 轴相交于点 RR。

  1. (a)

    证明 OPOP 垂直于 MRMR。

  2. (b)

    求 ORPQORPQ 的面积。

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完整解法

11(a)

1. Find the coordinates of $P$ by solving the simultaneous equations for $l_1$ and $l_2$.

From l2l_2, x=48−4yx = 48 - 4y.
Substitute into l1l_1:
3y−4(48−4y)+40=03y - 4(48 - 4y) + 40 = 0
3y−192+16y+40=03y - 192 + 16y + 40 = 0
19y=15219y = 152
y=8y = 8
Substitute y=8y = 8 back to find xx:
x=48−4(8)=16x = 48 - 4(8) = 16
So, PP is (16,8)(16, 8).

2. Find the coordinates of $M$, the midpoint of $OP$.

M=(16+02,8+02)=(8,4)M = \left( \frac{16 + 0}{2}, \frac{8 + 0}{2} \right) = (8, 4)

3. Find the coordinates of $R$, the $x$-intercept of $l_1$.

Substitute y=0y = 0 into l1l_1:
3(0)−4x+40=03(0) - 4x + 40 = 0
4x=404x = 40
x=10x = 10
So, RR is (10,0)(10, 0).

4. Calculate the gradients of $OP$ and $MR$ and show their product is $-1$.

Gradient of OPOP, mOP=8−016−0=12m_{OP} = \frac{8 - 0}{16 - 0} = \frac{1}{2}
Gradient of MRMR, mMR=0−410−8=−42=−2m_{MR} = \frac{0 - 4}{10 - 8} = \frac{-4}{2} = -2
Product of gradients =mOP×mMR=12×(−2)=−1= m_{OP} \times m_{MR} = \frac{1}{2} \times (-2) = -1
Since the product of their gradients is −1-1, OPOP is perpendicular to MRMR.

答案

Since mOP×mMR=−1m_{OP} \times m_{MR} = -1, OPOP is perpendicular to MRMR.

11(b)

1. Find the coordinates of the intersection point $P$ by solving the simultaneous equations for $l_1$ and $l_2$.

From l2l_2: x=48−4yx = 48 - 4y
Substitute into l1l_1:
3y−4(48−4y)+40=03y - 4(48 - 4y) + 40 = 0
3y−192+16y+40=03y - 192 + 16y + 40 = 0
19y=152  ⟹  y=819y = 152 \implies y = 8
x=48−4(8)=16x = 48 - 4(8) = 16
So, P=(16,8)P = (16, 8).

2. Find the coordinates of $Q$ and $R$.

For QQ (on yy-axis), substitute x=0x = 0 into l2l_2:
4y+0=48  ⟹  y=124y + 0 = 48 \implies y = 12
So, Q=(0,12)Q = (0, 12).

For RR (on xx-axis), substitute y=0y = 0 into l1l_1:
3(0)−4x+40=0  ⟹  4x=40  ⟹  x=103(0) - 4x + 40 = 0 \implies 4x = 40 \implies x = 10
So, R=(10,0)R = (10, 0).

3. Calculate the area of quadrilateral $ORPQ$ using the shoelace formula.

The vertices in counter-clockwise order are O(0,0)O(0,0), R(10,0)R(10,0), P(16,8)P(16,8), and Q(0,12)Q(0,12).
Area=12∣0101600008120∣\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \left| \begin{matrix} 0 & 10 & 16 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 8 & 12 & 0 \end{matrix} \right|
Area=12∣(0×0+10×8+16×12+0×0)−(0×10+0×16+8×0+12×0)∣\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} |(0 \times 0 + 10 \times 8 + 16 \times 12 + 0 \times 0) - (0 \times 10 + 0 \times 16 + 8 \times 0 + 12 \times 0)|
Area=12∣80+192−0∣\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} |80 + 192 - 0|
Area=12(272)=136\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} (272) = 136

答案

136 units2136 \text{ units}^2

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