如图所示, AC=35 cmAC = 35\text{ cm}, EC=15 cmEC = 15\text{ cm},且角 ACB=θACB = \theta 弧度。 EDED 和 ABAB 均垂直于 DBDB。

  1. (i)

    清晰地解释为什么角 CED=θCED = \theta 弧度。

  2. (ii)

    证明三角形 DECDEC 和 CABCAB 的周长之和 P cmP\text{ cm} 可表示为 P=acos⁡θ+bsin⁡θ+cP = a\cos\theta + b\sin\theta + c,其中 aa,bb 和 cc 为常数。

  3. (iii)

    将 PP 表示为 Rcos⁡(θ−α)+cR \cos(\theta - \alpha) + c 的形式,其中 R>0R > 0 且 0<α<π20 < \alpha < \frac{\pi}{2}。
    由此,求 PP 的最大值及对应的 heta heta 值。

  4. (iv)

    用 heta heta 表示三角形 DECDEC 和 CABCAB 的面积之和 A cm2A\text{ cm}^2,并将你的答案写成最简形式。

  5. (v)

    给出你的理由,解释为什么当 PP 最大时, AA 也是最大值。

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完整解法

11(i)

1. Find angle DCE using angles on a straight line

Since D,C,BD, C, B lie on a straight line,
∠DCE+∠ECA+∠ACB=π\angle DCE + \angle ECA + \angle ACB = \pi
∠DCE+π2+θ=π\angle DCE + \frac{\pi}{2} + \theta = \pi
∠DCE=π2−θ\angle DCE = \frac{\pi}{2} - \theta

2. Find angle CED using the angle sum of a triangle

In △DEC\triangle DEC, the sum of angles is π\pi.
∠CED+∠CDE+∠DCE=π\angle CED + \angle CDE + \angle DCE = \pi
∠CED+π2+(π2−θ)=π\angle CED + \frac{\pi}{2} + \left(\frac{\pi}{2} - \theta\right) = \pi
∠CED+π−θ=π\angle CED + \pi - \theta = \pi
∠CED=θ\angle CED = \theta (shown)

答案

Shown clearly in the working.

11(ii)

1. Express the lengths of the sides of triangle $CAB$ in terms of $\theta$.

In △CAB\triangle CAB:
sin⁡θ=AB35  ⟹  AB=35sin⁡θ\sin\theta = \frac{AB}{35} \implies AB = 35\sin\theta
cos⁡θ=CB35  ⟹  CB=35cos⁡θ\cos\theta = \frac{CB}{35} \implies CB = 35\cos\theta
Perimeter of △CAB=35+35sin⁡θ+35cos⁡θ\triangle CAB = 35 + 35\sin\theta + 35\cos\theta

2. Express the lengths of the sides of triangle $DEC$ in terms of $\theta$.

From (i), ∠CED=θ\angle CED = \theta.
In △DEC\triangle DEC:
sin⁡θ=DC15  ⟹  DC=15sin⁡θ\sin\theta = \frac{DC}{15} \implies DC = 15\sin\theta
cos⁡θ=ED15  ⟹  ED=15cos⁡θ\cos\theta = \frac{ED}{15} \implies ED = 15\cos\theta
Perimeter of △DEC=15+15sin⁡θ+15cos⁡θ\triangle DEC = 15 + 15\sin\theta + 15\cos\theta

3. Find the sum of the perimeters and simplify to the required form.

P=(35+35sin⁡θ+35cos⁡θ)+(15+15sin⁡θ+15cos⁡θ)P = (35 + 35\sin\theta + 35\cos\theta) + (15 + 15\sin\theta + 15\cos\theta)
P=50+50sin⁡θ+50cos⁡θP = 50 + 50\sin\theta + 50\cos\theta
P=50cos⁡θ+50sin⁡θ+50P = 50\cos\theta + 50\sin\theta + 50 (Shown)

答案

P=50cos⁡θ+50sin⁡θ+50P = 50\cos\theta + 50\sin\theta + 50

11(iii)

1. Find the expression for $P$ from part (ii)

In △CAB\triangle CAB, AB=35sin⁡θAB = 35\sin\theta and BC=35cos⁡θBC = 35\cos\theta.
Perimeter of △CAB=35+35sin⁡θ+35cos⁡θ\triangle CAB = 35 + 35\sin\theta + 35\cos\theta.
In △DEC\triangle DEC, CD=15sin⁡θCD = 15\sin\theta and ED=15cos⁡θED = 15\cos\theta.
Perimeter of △DEC=15+15sin⁡θ+15cos⁡θ\triangle DEC = 15 + 15\sin\theta + 15\cos\theta.
P=(35+35sin⁡θ+35cos⁡θ)+(15+15sin⁡θ+15cos⁡θ)P = (35 + 35\sin\theta + 35\cos\theta) + (15 + 15\sin\theta + 15\cos\theta)
P=50cos⁡θ+50sin⁡θ+50P = 50\cos\theta + 50\sin\theta + 50

2. Express $50\cos\theta + 50\sin\theta$ in the form $R\cos(\theta - \alpha)$

Let 50cos⁡θ+50sin⁡θ=Rcos⁡(θ−α)=Rcos⁡θcos⁡α+Rsin⁡θsin⁡α50\cos\theta + 50\sin\theta = R\cos(\theta - \alpha) = R\cos\theta\cos\alpha + R\sin\theta\sin\alpha.
Comparing coefficients:
Rcos⁡α=50R\cos\alpha = 50
Rsin⁡α=50R\sin\alpha = 50
R=502+502=5000=502R = \sqrt{50^2 + 50^2} = \sqrt{5000} = 50\sqrt{2}
tan⁡α=5050=1  ⟹  α=π4\tan\alpha = \frac{50}{50} = 1 \implies \alpha = \frac{\pi}{4}
So, P=502cos⁡(θ−π4)+50P = 50\sqrt{2}\cos\left(\theta - \frac{\pi}{4}\right) + 50

3. Find the maximum value of $P$ and the corresponding $\theta$

The maximum value of cos⁡(θ−π4)\cos\left(\theta - \frac{\pi}{4}\right) is 11.
Maximum P=502(1)+50=502+50P = 50\sqrt{2}(1) + 50 = 50\sqrt{2} + 50
This occurs when cos⁡(θ−π4)=1\cos\left(\theta - \frac{\pi}{4}\right) = 1
θ−π4=0  ⟹  θ=π4\theta - \frac{\pi}{4} = 0 \implies \theta = \frac{\pi}{4}

答案

P=502cos⁡(θ−π4)+50P = 50\sqrt{2} \cos\left(\theta - \frac{\pi}{4}\right) + 50
Maximum value of P=502+50P = 50\sqrt{2} + 50
Corresponding θ=π4\theta = \frac{\pi}{4}

11(iv)

1. Express the lengths of the sides of triangles $DEC$ and $CAB$ in terms of $\theta$.

In △CAB\triangle CAB:
AB=35sin⁡θAB = 35 \sin \theta
CB=35cos⁡θCB = 35 \cos \theta

In △DEC\triangle DEC:
Since ∠CED=θ\angle CED = \theta,
DC=15sin⁡θDC = 15 \sin \theta
ED=15cos⁡θED = 15 \cos \theta

2. Formulate the expression for the sum of the areas of the two triangles.

Area of △CAB=12(35cos⁡θ)(35sin⁡θ)=12252sin⁡θcos⁡θ\triangle CAB = \frac{1}{2} (35 \cos \theta)(35 \sin \theta) = \frac{1225}{2} \sin \theta \cos \theta
Area of △DEC=12(15sin⁡θ)(15cos⁡θ)=2252sin⁡θcos⁡θ\triangle DEC = \frac{1}{2} (15 \sin \theta)(15 \cos \theta) = \frac{225}{2} \sin \theta \cos \theta

A=12252sin⁡θcos⁡θ+2252sin⁡θcos⁡θA = \frac{1225}{2} \sin \theta \cos \theta + \frac{225}{2} \sin \theta \cos \theta
A=14502sin⁡θcos⁡θ=725sin⁡θcos⁡θA = \frac{1450}{2} \sin \theta \cos \theta = 725 \sin \theta \cos \theta

3. Simplify the expression using the double angle identity.

Using the identity sin⁡2θ=2sin⁡θcos⁡θ\sin 2\theta = 2 \sin \theta \cos \theta:
A=725(12sin⁡2θ)A = 725 \left( \frac{1}{2} \sin 2\theta \right)
A=362.5sin⁡2θA = 362.5 \sin 2\theta

答案

A=362.5sin⁡2θA = 362.5 \sin 2\theta

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