本题若通过精确绘图求解将不予评分。 如图所示为一个直角三角形 ABCABC,其中点 AA、 BB 和 CC 的坐标分别为 (k,0)(k, 0)、 (2,8)(2, 8) 和 (−2,−4)(-2, -4)。 BCBC 与 yy 轴交于点 NN。 MM 是 ACAC 上的一点。

  1. (i)

    已知 ABAB 垂直于 ACAC,求 kk 的值。

  2. (ii)

    求 NN 的坐标,并证明 NN 是 BCBC 的中点。

  3. (iii)

    已知四边形 ABNMABNM 的面积为 25 平方单位,求 MM 的坐标。

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完整解法

6(i)

1. Express the gradients of $AB$ and $AC$ in terms of $k$

Gradient of AB=8−02−k=82−kAB = \frac{8 - 0}{2 - k} = \frac{8}{2 - k}
Gradient of AC=−4−0−2−k=−4−2−k=4k+2AC = \frac{-4 - 0}{-2 - k} = \frac{-4}{-2 - k} = \frac{4}{k + 2}

2. Form an equation using the condition for perpendicular lines

Since AB⊥ACAB \perp AC, the product of their gradients is −1-1:
(82−k)(4k+2)=−1\left(\frac{8}{2 - k}\right) \left(\frac{4}{k + 2}\right) = -1
32(2−k)(2+k)=−1\frac{32}{(2 - k)(2 + k)} = -1

3. Solve the equation for $k$ and reject the invalid value

32=−(4−k2)32 = -(4 - k^2)
32=−4+k232 = -4 + k^2
k2=36k^2 = 36
k=6 or k=−6k = 6 \text{ or } k = -6
From the figure, point AA lies on the positive xx-axis, so k>0k > 0.
Therefore, k=6k = 6.

答案

k=6k = 6

6(ii)

1. Find the equation of the line $BC$ to determine the coordinates of $N$.

Gradient of BC=8−(−4)2−(−2)=124=3BC = \frac{8 - (-4)}{2 - (-2)} = \frac{12}{4} = 3
Equation of BCBC: y−8=3(x−2)y - 8 = 3(x - 2)
y=3x+2y = 3x + 2
Since NN lies on the yy-axis, x=0x = 0, so y=2y = 2.
The coordinates of NN are (0,2)(0, 2).

2. Calculate the midpoint of $BC$ and show it is $N$.

Midpoint of BC=(2+(−2)2,8+(−4)2)BC = \left( \frac{2 + (-2)}{2}, \frac{8 + (-4)}{2} \right)
=(02,42)= \left( \frac{0}{2}, \frac{4}{2} \right)
=(0,2)= (0, 2)
Since the coordinates of NN are identical to the midpoint of BCBC, NN is the midpoint of BCBC.

答案

N(0,2)N(0, 2)

6(iii)

1. Recall or calculate the coordinates of $A$ and $N$ from earlier parts

From part (i), A=(6,0)A = (6, 0).
From part (ii), N=(0,2)N = (0, 2).
We are given B=(2,8)B = (2, 8) and C=(−2,−4)C = (-2, -4).

2. Calculate the area of triangle $ABC$

Using the shoelace formula for △ABC\triangle ABC with vertices (6,0)(6, 0), (2,8)(2, 8), and (−2,−4)(-2, -4):
Area=12∣(6)(8)+(2)(−4)+(−2)(0)−(0)(2)−(8)(−2)−(−4)(6)∣\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} |(6)(8) + (2)(-4) + (-2)(0) - (0)(2) - (8)(-2) - (-4)(6)|
Area=12∣48−8+0−0+16+24∣=12∣80∣=40 units2\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} |48 - 8 + 0 - 0 + 16 + 24| = \frac{1}{2} |80| = 40 \text{ units}^2

3. Find the area of triangle $MNC$

The area of quadrilateral ABNMABNM is given as 25 units225 \text{ units}^2.
Area of △MNC=Area of △ABC−Area of ABNM\text{Area of } \triangle MNC = \text{Area of } \triangle ABC - \text{Area of } ABNM
Area of △MNC=40−25=15 units2\text{Area of } \triangle MNC = 40 - 25 = 15 \text{ units}^2

4. Find the equation of the line $AC$ to express the coordinates of $M$

Gradient of AC=−4−0−2−6=−4−8=12AC = \frac{-4 - 0}{-2 - 6} = \frac{-4}{-8} = \frac{1}{2}.
Equation of ACAC using point A(6,0)A(6, 0):
y−0=12(x−6)  ⟹  y=12x−3y - 0 = \frac{1}{2}(x - 6) \implies y = \frac{1}{2}x - 3
Let the coordinates of MM be (x,12x−3)(x, \frac{1}{2}x - 3).

5. Set up an equation for the area of triangle $MNC$ and solve for $x$

Using the shoelace formula for △MNC\triangle MNC with vertices M(x,12x−3)M(x, \frac{1}{2}x - 3), N(0,2)N(0, 2), and C(−2,−4)C(-2, -4):
Area=12∣x(2)+0(−4)+(−2)(12x−3)−(12x−3)(0)−(2)(−2)−(−4)(x)∣=15\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} |x(2) + 0(-4) + (-2)(\frac{1}{2}x - 3) - (\frac{1}{2}x - 3)(0) - (2)(-2) - (-4)(x)| = 15
12∣2x+0−x+6−0+4+4x∣=15\frac{1}{2} |2x + 0 - x + 6 - 0 + 4 + 4x| = 15
12∣5x+10∣=15\frac{1}{2} |5x + 10| = 15
∣5x+10∣=30|5x + 10| = 30
5x+10=30or5x+10=−305x + 10 = 30 \quad \text{or} \quad 5x + 10 = -30
5x=20  ⟹  x=45x = 20 \implies x = 4
5x=−40  ⟹  x=−85x = -40 \implies x = -8

6. Determine the correct coordinates of $M$

Since MM lies on the line segment ACAC, its xx-coordinate must be between the xx-coordinates of C(−2)C(-2) and A(6)A(6).
Therefore, x=4x = 4.
Substitute x=4x = 4 into the equation of ACAC:
y=12(4)−3=−1y = \frac{1}{2}(4) - 3 = -1
The coordinates of MM are (4,−1)(4, -1).

答案

(4,−1)(4, -1)

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