Solutions to this question by accurate drawing will NOT be accepted. The figure shows a right-angled triangle ABCABC, where points AA, BB and CC are (k,0)(k, 0), (2,8)(2, 8) and (−2,−4)(-2, -4) respectively. BCBC cuts the yy-axis at NN. MM is a point on ACAC.

  1. (i)

    Given that ABAB is perpendicular to ACAC, find the value of kk.

  2. (ii)

    Find the coordinates of NN and show that NN is the midpoint of BCBC.

  3. (iii)

    Given that the area of quadrilateral ABNMABNM is 25 units2^2, find the coordinates of MM.

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Worked solution

6(i)

1. Express the gradients of $AB$ and $AC$ in terms of $k$

Gradient of AB=8−02−k=82−kAB = \frac{8 - 0}{2 - k} = \frac{8}{2 - k}
Gradient of AC=−4−0−2−k=−4−2−k=4k+2AC = \frac{-4 - 0}{-2 - k} = \frac{-4}{-2 - k} = \frac{4}{k + 2}

2. Form an equation using the condition for perpendicular lines

Since AB⊥ACAB \perp AC, the product of their gradients is −1-1:
(82−k)(4k+2)=−1\left(\frac{8}{2 - k}\right) \left(\frac{4}{k + 2}\right) = -1
32(2−k)(2+k)=−1\frac{32}{(2 - k)(2 + k)} = -1

3. Solve the equation for $k$ and reject the invalid value

32=−(4−k2)32 = -(4 - k^2)
32=−4+k232 = -4 + k^2
k2=36k^2 = 36
k=6 or k=−6k = 6 \text{ or } k = -6
From the figure, point AA lies on the positive xx-axis, so k>0k > 0.
Therefore, k=6k = 6.

Answer

k=6k = 6

6(ii)

1. Find the equation of the line $BC$ to determine the coordinates of $N$.

Gradient of BC=8−(−4)2−(−2)=124=3BC = \frac{8 - (-4)}{2 - (-2)} = \frac{12}{4} = 3
Equation of BCBC: y−8=3(x−2)y - 8 = 3(x - 2)
y=3x+2y = 3x + 2
Since NN lies on the yy-axis, x=0x = 0, so y=2y = 2.
The coordinates of NN are (0,2)(0, 2).

2. Calculate the midpoint of $BC$ and show it is $N$.

Midpoint of BC=(2+(−2)2,8+(−4)2)BC = \left( \frac{2 + (-2)}{2}, \frac{8 + (-4)}{2} \right)
=(02,42)= \left( \frac{0}{2}, \frac{4}{2} \right)
=(0,2)= (0, 2)
Since the coordinates of NN are identical to the midpoint of BCBC, NN is the midpoint of BCBC.

Answer

N(0,2)N(0, 2)

6(iii)

1. Recall or calculate the coordinates of $A$ and $N$ from earlier parts

From part (i), A=(6,0)A = (6, 0).
From part (ii), N=(0,2)N = (0, 2).
We are given B=(2,8)B = (2, 8) and C=(−2,−4)C = (-2, -4).

2. Calculate the area of triangle $ABC$

Using the shoelace formula for △ABC\triangle ABC with vertices (6,0)(6, 0), (2,8)(2, 8), and (−2,−4)(-2, -4):
Area=12∣(6)(8)+(2)(−4)+(−2)(0)−(0)(2)−(8)(−2)−(−4)(6)∣\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} |(6)(8) + (2)(-4) + (-2)(0) - (0)(2) - (8)(-2) - (-4)(6)|
Area=12∣48−8+0−0+16+24∣=12∣80∣=40 units2\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} |48 - 8 + 0 - 0 + 16 + 24| = \frac{1}{2} |80| = 40 \text{ units}^2

3. Find the area of triangle $MNC$

The area of quadrilateral ABNMABNM is given as 25 units225 \text{ units}^2.
Area of △MNC=Area of △ABC−Area of ABNM\text{Area of } \triangle MNC = \text{Area of } \triangle ABC - \text{Area of } ABNM
Area of △MNC=40−25=15 units2\text{Area of } \triangle MNC = 40 - 25 = 15 \text{ units}^2

4. Find the equation of the line $AC$ to express the coordinates of $M$

Gradient of AC=−4−0−2−6=−4−8=12AC = \frac{-4 - 0}{-2 - 6} = \frac{-4}{-8} = \frac{1}{2}.
Equation of ACAC using point A(6,0)A(6, 0):
y−0=12(x−6)  ⟹  y=12x−3y - 0 = \frac{1}{2}(x - 6) \implies y = \frac{1}{2}x - 3
Let the coordinates of MM be (x,12x−3)(x, \frac{1}{2}x - 3).

5. Set up an equation for the area of triangle $MNC$ and solve for $x$

Using the shoelace formula for △MNC\triangle MNC with vertices M(x,12x−3)M(x, \frac{1}{2}x - 3), N(0,2)N(0, 2), and C(−2,−4)C(-2, -4):
Area=12∣x(2)+0(−4)+(−2)(12x−3)−(12x−3)(0)−(2)(−2)−(−4)(x)∣=15\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} |x(2) + 0(-4) + (-2)(\frac{1}{2}x - 3) - (\frac{1}{2}x - 3)(0) - (2)(-2) - (-4)(x)| = 15
12∣2x+0−x+6−0+4+4x∣=15\frac{1}{2} |2x + 0 - x + 6 - 0 + 4 + 4x| = 15
12∣5x+10∣=15\frac{1}{2} |5x + 10| = 15
∣5x+10∣=30|5x + 10| = 30
5x+10=30or5x+10=−305x + 10 = 30 \quad \text{or} \quad 5x + 10 = -30
5x=20  ⟹  x=45x = 20 \implies x = 4
5x=−40  ⟹  x=−85x = -40 \implies x = -8

6. Determine the correct coordinates of $M$

Since MM lies on the line segment ACAC, its xx-coordinate must be between the xx-coordinates of C(−2)C(-2) and A(6)A(6).
Therefore, x=4x = 4.
Substitute x=4x = 4 into the equation of ACAC:
y=12(4)−3=−1y = \frac{1}{2}(4) - 3 = -1
The coordinates of MM are (4,−1)(4, -1).

Answer

(4,−1)(4, -1)

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