如图所示为 3y=7x+63y = 7x + 6 和 x+5y=12x + 5y = 12 图像的一部分。TT 是 3y=7x+63y = 7x + 6 上的一点,且 UU 是 x+5y=12x + 5y = 12 上的一点。VV 和 WW 是 xx 轴上的两个点,使得 TUVWTUVW 构成一个矩形。 已知 TW=hTW = h 个单位。

  1. (i)

    用 hh 表示 TT 和 UU 的 xx 坐标。

  2. (ii)

    由此证明,矩形 TUVWTUVW 的面积(用 AA 平方单位表示)为 A=907h−387h2A = \frac{90}{7}h - \frac{38}{7}h^2。

  3. (iii)

    已知 hh 是可变的,求 AA 的驻点值,并确定该 AA 的值是极大值还是极小值。

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完整解法

14(i)

1. Identify the $y$-coordinates of $T$ and $U$

Since TUVWTUVW is a rectangle with WW and VV on the xx-axis, TWTW is vertical and TUTU is horizontal. Given TW=hTW = h, the yy-coordinate of both TT and UU is hh.

2. Find the $x$-coordinate of $T$

Substitute y=hy = h into the equation for TT, 3y=7x+63y = 7x + 6:
3h=7x+63h = 7x + 6
7x=3h−67x = 3h - 6
x=3h−67x = \frac{3h - 6}{7}

3. Find the $x$-coordinate of $U$

Substitute y=hy = h into the equation for UU, x+5y=12x + 5y = 12:
x+5h=12x + 5h = 12
x=12−5hx = 12 - 5h

答案

xT=3h−67x_T = \frac{3h - 6}{7}, xU=12−5hx_U = 12 - 5h

14(ii)

1. Find the $x$-coordinates of $T$ and $U$ from part (i)

Since TT and UU have yy-coordinate hh (as TW=hTW = h and TUVWTUVW is a rectangle on the xx-axis):
For TT: 3(h)=7xT+6  ⟹  xT=3h−673(h) = 7x_T + 6 \implies x_T = \frac{3h - 6}{7}
For UU: xU+5(h)=12  ⟹  xU=12−5hx_U + 5(h) = 12 \implies x_U = 12 - 5h

2. Express the width of the rectangle $WV$ in terms of $h$

Width WV=xU−xTWV = x_U - x_T
WV=(12−5h)−(3h−67)WV = (12 - 5h) - \left(\frac{3h - 6}{7}\right)

3. Calculate the area of the rectangle and simplify to show the given expression

Area A=width×height=WV×hA = \text{width} \times \text{height} = WV \times h
A=[12−5h−3h−67]hA = \left[ 12 - 5h - \frac{3h - 6}{7} \right] h
A=[84−35h−3h+67]hA = \left[ \frac{84 - 35h - 3h + 6}{7} \right] h
A=[90−38h7]hA = \left[ \frac{90 - 38h}{7} \right] h
A=907h−387h2A = \frac{90}{7}h - \frac{38}{7}h^2 (Shown)

答案

A=907h−387h2A = \frac{90}{7}h - \frac{38}{7}h^2 (Shown)

14(iii)

1. Differentiate $A$ with respect to $h$

dAdh=907−767h\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}h} = \frac{90}{7} - \frac{76}{7}h

2. Find the value of $h$ at the stationary point

For a stationary value, dAdh=0\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}h} = 0.
907−767h=0\frac{90}{7} - \frac{76}{7}h = 0
76h=9076h = 90
h=4538h = \frac{45}{38}

3. Calculate the stationary value of $A$

A=907(4538)−387(4538)2A = \frac{90}{7}\left(\frac{45}{38}\right) - \frac{38}{7}\left(\frac{45}{38}\right)^2
A=4050266−2025266=2025266 (or 7163266)A = \frac{4050}{266} - \frac{2025}{266} = \frac{2025}{266} \text{ (or } 7\frac{163}{266} \text{)}

4. Determine the nature of the stationary value using the second derivative test

d2Adh2=−767\frac{\mathrm{d}^2A}{\mathrm{d}h^2} = -\frac{76}{7}
Since d2Adh2<0\frac{\mathrm{d}^2A}{\mathrm{d}h^2} < 0, the stationary value is a maximum.

答案

Stationary value is 2025266\frac{2025}{266} (or 71632667\frac{163}{266}), and it is a maximum.

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