如图所示,OC=4 mOC = 4\text{ m},OD=7 mOD = 7\text{ m} 且角 CBO=角 DOC=角 DAO=90∘CBO = \text{角 } DOC = \text{角 } DAO = 90^\circ。
已知角 COB=θCOB = \theta,其中 0∘≤θ≤90∘0^\circ \le \theta \le 90^\circ。

  1. (a)

    将 ABAB 表示为 psin⁡θ+qcos⁡θp \sin \theta + q \cos \theta 的形式,其中 pp 和 qq 是整数。

  2. (b)

    由此,将 ABAB 表示为 Rsin⁡(θ+α)R \sin (\theta + \alpha) 的形式,其中 RR 为正数且 α\alpha 为锐角。

  3. (c)

    求 ABAB 的最大长度以及对应的 θ\theta 值。

  4. (d)

    求当 AB=55 mAB = \sqrt{55}\text{ m} 时 θ\theta 的值。

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完整解法

10(a)

1. Find the angle $DOA$ in terms of $\theta$.

Since A,O,BA, O, B lie on a straight line, the sum of angles at OO is 180∘180^\circ.
∠DOA+∠DOC+∠COB=180∘\angle DOA + \angle DOC + \angle COB = 180^\circ
∠DOA+90∘+θ=180∘\angle DOA + 90^\circ + \theta = 180^\circ
∠DOA=90∘−θ\angle DOA = 90^\circ - \theta

2. Express the lengths $OA$ and $OB$ in terms of $\theta$.

In the right-angled triangle ODAODA:
cos⁡(∠DOA)=OAOD\cos(\angle DOA) = \frac{OA}{OD}
cos⁡(90∘−θ)=OA7\cos(90^\circ - \theta) = \frac{OA}{7}
Since cos⁡(90∘−θ)=sin⁡θ\cos(90^\circ - \theta) = \sin \theta, we have OA=7sin⁡θOA = 7 \sin \theta.

In the right-angled triangle OCBOCB:
cos⁡θ=OBOC\cos \theta = \frac{OB}{OC}
cos⁡θ=OB4\cos \theta = \frac{OB}{4}
OB=4cos⁡θOB = 4 \cos \theta

3. Find the total length $AB$.

AB=OA+OBAB = OA + OB
AB=7sin⁡θ+4cos⁡θAB = 7 \sin \theta + 4 \cos \theta

答案

7sin⁡θ+4cos⁡θ7 \sin \theta + 4 \cos \theta

10(b)

1. Use the result from part (a) and equate it to the expanded form of $R \sin(\theta + \alpha)$

From part (a), AB=7sin⁡θ+4cos⁡θAB = 7 \sin \theta + 4 \cos \theta.
Let 7sin⁡θ+4cos⁡θ=Rsin⁡(θ+α)=Rsin⁡θcos⁡α+Rcos⁡θsin⁡α7 \sin \theta + 4 \cos \theta = R \sin(\theta + \alpha) = R \sin \theta \cos \alpha + R \cos \theta \sin \alpha.
Comparing coefficients:
Rcos⁡α=7R \cos \alpha = 7
Rsin⁡α=4R \sin \alpha = 4

2. Calculate the value of $R$

R=72+42=49+16=65R = \sqrt{7^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{49 + 16} = \sqrt{65}

3. Calculate the value of $\alpha$

tan⁡α=47\tan \alpha = \frac{4}{7}
α=tan⁡−1(47)≈29.7448∘≈29.7∘\alpha = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{4}{7}\right) \approx 29.7448^\circ \approx 29.7^\circ (to 1 d.p.)

AB=65sin⁡(θ+29.7∘)AB = \sqrt{65} \sin (\theta + 29.7^\circ)

答案

65sin⁡(θ+29.7∘)\sqrt{65} \sin (\theta + 29.7^\circ)

10(c)

1. Determine the values of $R$ and $\alpha$ from the expression $AB = 7 \sin \theta + 4 \cos \theta$ (derived in parts a and b)

R=72+42=65R = \sqrt{7^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{65}
tan⁡α=47  ⟹  α=tan⁡−1(47)≈29.745∘\tan \alpha = \frac{4}{7} \implies \alpha = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{4}{7}\right) \approx 29.745^\circ
So, AB=65sin⁡(θ+29.745∘)AB = \sqrt{65} \sin(\theta + 29.745^\circ)

2. State the maximum length of $AB$

The maximum value of sin⁡(θ+29.745∘)\sin(\theta + 29.745^\circ) is 11.
Maximum length of AB=65≈8.06 mAB = \sqrt{65} \approx 8.06\text{ m}

3. Find the corresponding value of $\theta$

sin⁡(θ+29.745∘)=1\sin(\theta + 29.745^\circ) = 1
θ+29.745∘=90∘\theta + 29.745^\circ = 90^\circ
θ=90∘−29.745∘=60.255∘≈60.3∘\theta = 90^\circ - 29.745^\circ = 60.255^\circ \approx 60.3^\circ

答案

Maximum length =65 m= \sqrt{65}\text{ m}, θ=60.3∘\theta = 60.3^\circ

10(d)

1. Set up the equation using the $R$-formula expression from part (b)

From part (b), AB=65sin⁡(θ+29.745∘)AB = \sqrt{65} \sin(\theta + 29.745^\circ).
Equating this to 55\sqrt{55}:
65sin⁡(θ+29.745∘)=55\sqrt{65} \sin(\theta + 29.745^\circ) = \sqrt{55}
sin⁡(θ+29.745∘)=5565=1113\sin(\theta + 29.745^\circ) = \sqrt{\frac{55}{65}} = \sqrt{\frac{11}{13}}

2. Find the possible values for the angle $(\theta + \alpha)$ in the required range

The basic angle is sin⁡−1(1113)≈66.906∘\sin^{-1}\left(\sqrt{\frac{11}{13}}\right) \approx 66.906^\circ.
Since sin⁡\sin is positive, the angle can be in the first or second quadrant.
θ+29.745∘=66.906∘ or 180∘−66.906∘\theta + 29.745^\circ = 66.906^\circ \text{ or } 180^\circ - 66.906^\circ
θ+29.745∘=66.906∘ or 113.094∘\theta + 29.745^\circ = 66.906^\circ \text{ or } 113.094^\circ

3. Solve for $\theta$ and round to 1 decimal place

θ=66.906∘−29.745∘ or 113.094∘−29.745∘\theta = 66.906^\circ - 29.745^\circ \text{ or } 113.094^\circ - 29.745^\circ
θ=37.161∘ or 83.349∘\theta = 37.161^\circ \text{ or } 83.349^\circ
θ≈37.2∘ or 83.3∘\theta \approx 37.2^\circ \text{ or } 83.3^\circ

答案

37.2∘,83.3∘37.2^\circ, 83.3^\circ

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