In the diagram, OC=4 mOC = 4\text{ m}, OD=7 mOD = 7\text{ m} and angle CBO=angle DOC=angle DAO=90∘CBO = \text{angle } DOC = \text{angle } DAO = 90^\circ.
It is also given that angle COB=θCOB = \theta such that 0∘≤θ≤90∘0^\circ \le \theta \le 90^\circ.

  1. (a)

    Express ABAB in the form psin⁡θ+qcos⁡θp \sin \theta + q \cos \theta where pp and qq are integers.

  2. (b)

    Hence, express ABAB in the form Rsin⁡(θ+α)R \sin (\theta + \alpha) where RR is positive and α\alpha is acute.

  3. (c)

    State the maximum length of ABAB and its corresponding value of θ\theta.

  4. (d)

    Find the value of θ\theta when AB=55 mAB = \sqrt{55}\text{ m}.

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Worked solution

10(a)

1. Find the angle $DOA$ in terms of $\theta$.

Since A,O,BA, O, B lie on a straight line, the sum of angles at OO is 180∘180^\circ.
∠DOA+∠DOC+∠COB=180∘\angle DOA + \angle DOC + \angle COB = 180^\circ
∠DOA+90∘+θ=180∘\angle DOA + 90^\circ + \theta = 180^\circ
∠DOA=90∘−θ\angle DOA = 90^\circ - \theta

2. Express the lengths $OA$ and $OB$ in terms of $\theta$.

In the right-angled triangle ODAODA:
cos⁡(∠DOA)=OAOD\cos(\angle DOA) = \frac{OA}{OD}
cos⁡(90∘−θ)=OA7\cos(90^\circ - \theta) = \frac{OA}{7}
Since cos⁡(90∘−θ)=sin⁡θ\cos(90^\circ - \theta) = \sin \theta, we have OA=7sin⁡θOA = 7 \sin \theta.

In the right-angled triangle OCBOCB:
cos⁡θ=OBOC\cos \theta = \frac{OB}{OC}
cos⁡θ=OB4\cos \theta = \frac{OB}{4}
OB=4cos⁡θOB = 4 \cos \theta

3. Find the total length $AB$.

AB=OA+OBAB = OA + OB
AB=7sin⁡θ+4cos⁡θAB = 7 \sin \theta + 4 \cos \theta

Answer

7sin⁡θ+4cos⁡θ7 \sin \theta + 4 \cos \theta

10(b)

1. Use the result from part (a) and equate it to the expanded form of $R \sin(\theta + \alpha)$

From part (a), AB=7sin⁡θ+4cos⁡θAB = 7 \sin \theta + 4 \cos \theta.
Let 7sin⁡θ+4cos⁡θ=Rsin⁡(θ+α)=Rsin⁡θcos⁡α+Rcos⁡θsin⁡α7 \sin \theta + 4 \cos \theta = R \sin(\theta + \alpha) = R \sin \theta \cos \alpha + R \cos \theta \sin \alpha.
Comparing coefficients:
Rcos⁡α=7R \cos \alpha = 7
Rsin⁡α=4R \sin \alpha = 4

2. Calculate the value of $R$

R=72+42=49+16=65R = \sqrt{7^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{49 + 16} = \sqrt{65}

3. Calculate the value of $\alpha$

tan⁡α=47\tan \alpha = \frac{4}{7}
α=tan⁡−1(47)≈29.7448∘≈29.7∘\alpha = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{4}{7}\right) \approx 29.7448^\circ \approx 29.7^\circ (to 1 d.p.)

AB=65sin⁡(θ+29.7∘)AB = \sqrt{65} \sin (\theta + 29.7^\circ)

Answer

65sin⁡(θ+29.7∘)\sqrt{65} \sin (\theta + 29.7^\circ)

10(c)

1. Determine the values of $R$ and $\alpha$ from the expression $AB = 7 \sin \theta + 4 \cos \theta$ (derived in parts a and b)

R=72+42=65R = \sqrt{7^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{65}
tan⁡α=47  ⟹  α=tan⁡−1(47)≈29.745∘\tan \alpha = \frac{4}{7} \implies \alpha = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{4}{7}\right) \approx 29.745^\circ
So, AB=65sin⁡(θ+29.745∘)AB = \sqrt{65} \sin(\theta + 29.745^\circ)

2. State the maximum length of $AB$

The maximum value of sin⁡(θ+29.745∘)\sin(\theta + 29.745^\circ) is 11.
Maximum length of AB=65≈8.06 mAB = \sqrt{65} \approx 8.06\text{ m}

3. Find the corresponding value of $\theta$

sin⁡(θ+29.745∘)=1\sin(\theta + 29.745^\circ) = 1
θ+29.745∘=90∘\theta + 29.745^\circ = 90^\circ
θ=90∘−29.745∘=60.255∘≈60.3∘\theta = 90^\circ - 29.745^\circ = 60.255^\circ \approx 60.3^\circ

Answer

Maximum length =65 m= \sqrt{65}\text{ m}, θ=60.3∘\theta = 60.3^\circ

10(d)

1. Set up the equation using the $R$-formula expression from part (b)

From part (b), AB=65sin⁡(θ+29.745∘)AB = \sqrt{65} \sin(\theta + 29.745^\circ).
Equating this to 55\sqrt{55}:
65sin⁡(θ+29.745∘)=55\sqrt{65} \sin(\theta + 29.745^\circ) = \sqrt{55}
sin⁡(θ+29.745∘)=5565=1113\sin(\theta + 29.745^\circ) = \sqrt{\frac{55}{65}} = \sqrt{\frac{11}{13}}

2. Find the possible values for the angle $(\theta + \alpha)$ in the required range

The basic angle is sin⁡−1(1113)≈66.906∘\sin^{-1}\left(\sqrt{\frac{11}{13}}\right) \approx 66.906^\circ.
Since sin⁡\sin is positive, the angle can be in the first or second quadrant.
θ+29.745∘=66.906∘ or 180∘−66.906∘\theta + 29.745^\circ = 66.906^\circ \text{ or } 180^\circ - 66.906^\circ
θ+29.745∘=66.906∘ or 113.094∘\theta + 29.745^\circ = 66.906^\circ \text{ or } 113.094^\circ

3. Solve for $\theta$ and round to 1 decimal place

θ=66.906∘−29.745∘ or 113.094∘−29.745∘\theta = 66.906^\circ - 29.745^\circ \text{ or } 113.094^\circ - 29.745^\circ
θ=37.161∘ or 83.349∘\theta = 37.161^\circ \text{ or } 83.349^\circ
θ≈37.2∘ or 83.3∘\theta \approx 37.2^\circ \text{ or } 83.3^\circ

Answer

37.2∘,83.3∘37.2^\circ, 83.3^\circ

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