曲线 C1C_1 和 C2C_2 的方程分别为 y=2x2+9x2−4y = \frac{2x^2 + 9}{x^2 - 4} 和 y225−x29=1\frac{y^2}{25} - \frac{x^2}{9} = 1。

  1. (i)

    在同一坐标系中画出 C1C_1 和 C2C_2 的图像,并标出曲线与坐标轴交点的坐标、所有渐近线方程以及曲线交点的坐标。

  2. (ii)

    由此,解不等式 51+19x2≥2x2+9x2−45\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{9}x^2} \ge \frac{2x^2 + 9}{x^2 - 4}。

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完整解法

6(i)

1. Find the asymptotes and axis intercepts of the curve $C_1$.

For C1:y=2x2+9x2−4C_1: y = \frac{2x^2 + 9}{x^2 - 4}

  • Vertical asymptotes: Setting the denominator to zero gives x2−4=0  ⟹  x=−2x^2 - 4 = 0 \implies x = -2 and x=2x = 2.
  • Horizontal asymptote: As x→±∞x \to \pm\infty, y→2x2x2=2  ⟹  y=2y \to \frac{2x^2}{x^2} = 2 \implies y = 2.
  • yy-intercept: When x=0x = 0, y=9−4=−2.25y = \frac{9}{-4} = -2.25. The coordinate is (0,−2.25)(0, -2.25).
  • xx-intercept: Setting y=0y = 0 yields 2x2+9=02x^2 + 9 = 0, which has no real solutions.

2. Find the asymptotes and axis intercepts of the curve $C_2$.

For C2:y225−x29=1C_2: \frac{y^2}{25} - \frac{x^2}{9} = 1

  • This equation represents a standard hyperbola opening along the yy-axis.
  • Asymptotes: Replacing 11 with 00 gives y225−x29=0  ⟹  y=±53x\frac{y^2}{25} - \frac{x^2}{9} = 0 \implies y = \pm \frac{5}{3}x.
  • yy-intercepts: When x=0x = 0, y2=25  ⟹  y=±5y^2 = 25 \implies y = \pm 5. The coordinates are (0,5)(0, 5) and (0,−5)(0, -5).
  • xx-intercepts: Setting y=0y = 0 yields −x29=1-\frac{x^2}{9} = 1, which has no real solutions.

3. Determine the coordinates of the points of intersection between $C_1$ and $C_2$.

To find the intersections, we can use a graphing calculator to solve the system of equations:
y=2x2+9x2−4andy225−x29=1y = \frac{2x^2 + 9}{x^2 - 4} \quad \text{and} \quad \frac{y^2}{25} - \frac{x^2}{9} = 1
Graphing both curves and locating their points of intersection yields the coordinates:
(1.31,−5.46)(1.31, -5.46), (−1.31,−5.46)(-1.31, -5.46), (2.75,6.78)(2.75, 6.78) and (−2.75,6.78)(-2.75, 6.78) (all given to 3 significant figures).

4. Sketch both curves on the same diagram.

(A valid sketch must be drawn on a Cartesian plane including both curves.)

  • Draw the vertical lines x=2x=2, x=−2x=-2 and horizontal line y=2y=2 as dotted lines for the asymptotes of C1C_1.
  • Draw the diagonal dotted lines y=53xy = \frac{5}{3}x and y=−53xy = -\frac{5}{3}x for the asymptotes of C2C_2.
  • Sketch C1C_1: The middle branch is a 'U'-shape opening downwards with a maximum at (0,−2.25)(0, -2.25), bounded by x=±2x = \pm 2. The outer branches lie above y=2y=2 and asymptotically approach x=±2x = \pm 2 and y=2y = 2.
  • Sketch C2C_2: A hyperbola with the upper branch vertex at (0,5)(0, 5) and the lower branch vertex at (0,−5)(0, -5), bounded tightly by its diagonal asymptotes.
  • Ensure the calculated intersection points are correctly positioned relatively on the sketch and labeled.
答案

C1C_1 features:

  • Asymptotes: x=2x = 2, x=−2x = -2, y=2y = 2
  • Axis intercept: (0,−2.25)(0, -2.25)

C2C_2 features:

  • Asymptotes: y=53xy = \frac{5}{3}x, y=−53xy = -\frac{5}{3}x
  • Axis intercepts: (0,5)(0, 5), (0,−5)(0, -5)

Points of intersection:
(±1.31,−5.46)(\pm 1.31, -5.46) and (±2.75,6.78)(\pm 2.75, 6.78)

(A proper graphical sketch must be drawn on a Cartesian plane showing both C1C_1 and C2C_2 with all the above features clearly labelled.)

6(ii)

1. Relate the given inequality to the graphs of $C_1$ and $C_2$.

From the equation of C2C_2, y225−x29=1  ⟹  y225=1+19x2  ⟹  y=±51+19x2\frac{y^2}{25} - \frac{x^2}{9} = 1 \implies \frac{y^2}{25} = 1 + \frac{1}{9}x^2 \implies y = \pm 5\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{9}x^2}.
Thus, y=51+19x2y = 5\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{9}x^2} represents the upper branch of C2C_2 (where y≥0y \ge 0).
The inequality 51+19x2≥2x2+9x2−45\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{9}x^2} \ge \frac{2x^2 + 9}{x^2 - 4} requires us to find the range of xx for which the upper branch of C2C_2 lies above or intersects C1C_1.

2. Determine the solution using the intersection points and asymptotes from part (i).

From the sketch in part (i), the xx-coordinates of the intersections between the upper branch of C2C_2 and C1C_1 are found (using a graphing calculator) to be x≈−2.75x \approx -2.75 and x≈2.75x \approx 2.75.
The vertical asymptotes of C1C_1 are at x=−2x = -2 and x=2x = 2.
Observing the relative positions of the two curves, the upper branch of C2C_2 is above or meets C1C_1 when x≤−2.75x \le -2.75, in the entire interval between the vertical asymptotes −2<x<2-2 < x < 2, and when x≥2.75x \ge 2.75.

答案

x≤−2.75 or −2<x<2 or x≥2.75x \le -2.75 \text{ or } -2 < x < 2 \text{ or } x \ge 2.75

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