Show that ddx[x(3x−2)43]=(7x−2)(3x−2)13\frac{d}{dx}\left[x(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}}\right] = (7x-2)(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}}. Hence evaluate ∫x(3x−2)13dx\int x(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} dx. Find the value of ∫−1223x(3x−2)13dx\int_{-\frac{1}{2}}^{\frac{2}{3}} x(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} dx and explain what the result implies about the curve y=x(3x−2)13y = x(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}}.

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Worked solution

9(i)

1. Apply the product rule and chain rule to differentiate the expression.

ddx[x(3x−2)43]=(1)(3x−2)43+x⋅ddx[(3x−2)43]\frac{d}{dx}\left[x(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}}\right] = (1)(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}} + x \cdot \frac{d}{dx}\left[(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}}\right]
=(3x−2)43+x[43(3x−2)13(3)]= (3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}} + x \left[ \frac{4}{3}(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}}(3) \right]

2. Simplify the expression and factorise to obtain the final result.

=(3x−2)43+4x(3x−2)13= (3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}} + 4x(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}}
=(3x−2)13[(3x−2)1+4x]= (3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} \left[ (3x-2)^{1} + 4x \right]
=(3x−2)13(3x−2+4x)= (3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} (3x - 2 + 4x)
=(3x−2)13(7x−2)= (3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} (7x-2)
=(7x−2)(3x−2)13= (7x-2)(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} (Shown)

Answer

ddx[x(3x−2)43]=(7x−2)(3x−2)13\frac{d}{dx}\left[x(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}}\right] = (7x-2)(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} (Shown)

9(ii)

1. Express the integral of the result from part (i) as the original function.

From (i), we know that ddx[x(3x−2)43]=(7x−2)(3x−2)13\frac{d}{dx}\left[x(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}}\right] = (7x-2)(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}}.
Therefore, integrating both sides with respect to xx gives:
∫(7x−2)(3x−2)13 dx=x(3x−2)43+c1\int (7x-2)(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} \, dx = x(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}} + c_1

2. Expand the integrand to separate the required integral.

∫[7x(3x−2)13−2(3x−2)13] dx=x(3x−2)43+c1\int \left[ 7x(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} - 2(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} \right] \, dx = x(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}} + c_1
7∫x(3x−2)13 dx−2∫(3x−2)13 dx=x(3x−2)43+c17 \int x(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} \, dx - 2 \int (3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} \, dx = x(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}} + c_1

3. Evaluate the remaining integral.

∫(3x−2)13 dx=(3x−2)4343×3=14(3x−2)43\int (3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} \, dx = \frac{(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}}}{\frac{4}{3} \times 3} = \frac{1}{4}(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}}

4. Rearrange to make the required integral the subject and simplify.

7∫x(3x−2)13 dx=x(3x−2)43+2[14(3x−2)43]+c27 \int x(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} \, dx = x(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}} + 2 \left[ \frac{1}{4}(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}} \right] + c_2
7∫x(3x−2)13 dx=x(3x−2)43+12(3x−2)43+c27 \int x(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} \, dx = x(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}} + \frac{1}{2}(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}} + c_2
7∫x(3x−2)13 dx=(3x−2)43(x+12)+c27 \int x(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} \, dx = (3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}} \left( x + \frac{1}{2} \right) + c_2
∫x(3x−2)13 dx=17(2x+12)(3x−2)43+c\int x(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} \, dx = \frac{1}{7} \left( \frac{2x+1}{2} \right) (3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}} + c
∫x(3x−2)13 dx=114(2x+1)(3x−2)43+c\int x(3x-2)^{\frac{1}{3}} \, dx = \frac{1}{14}(2x+1)(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}} + c

Answer

114(2x+1)(3x−2)43+c\frac{1}{14}(2x+1)(3x-2)^{\frac{4}{3}} + c

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