Given that y=3ln⁡2xx2y = \dfrac{3\ln 2x}{x^2} for x>0x>0.

  1. (a)

    Show that dydx=3x3(1−2ln⁡2x).\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{3}{x^3}\left(1 - 2\ln 2x\right).

  2. (b)

    Hence, find ∫ln⁡2xx3 dx\displaystyle\int \frac{\ln 2x}{x^3}\,dx.

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Worked solution

3(a)

1. Identify the components for the quotient rule and find their derivatives.

Let u=3ln⁡2xu = 3\ln 2x and v=x2v = x^2.
Then dudx=3(12x)(2)=3x\dfrac{du}{dx} = 3 \left(\dfrac{1}{2x}\right)(2) = \dfrac{3}{x}
and dvdx=2x\dfrac{dv}{dx} = 2x.

2. Apply the quotient rule.

dydx=vdudx−udvdxv2\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{v\dfrac{du}{dx} - u\dfrac{dv}{dx}}{v^2}
dydx=x2(3x)−(3ln⁡2x)(2x)(x2)2\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{x^2\left(\dfrac{3}{x}\right) - (3\ln 2x)(2x)}{(x^2)^2}

3. Simplify the expression to obtain the required form.

dydx=3x−6xln⁡2xx4\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{3x - 6x\ln 2x}{x^4}
Factorising 3x3x from the numerator:
dydx=3x(1−2ln⁡2x)x4\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{3x(1 - 2\ln 2x)}{x^4}
dydx=3x3(1−2ln⁡2x)\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{3}{x^3}(1 - 2\ln 2x) (Shown)

Answer

dydx=3x3(1−2ln⁡2x)\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{3}{x^3}(1 - 2\ln 2x) (Shown)

3(b)

1. Express integration as the reverse of differentiation using the result from part (a)

Since ddx(3ln⁡2xx2)=3x3(1−2ln⁡2x)\frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{3\ln 2x}{x^2}\right) = \frac{3}{x^3}(1 - 2\ln 2x),
∫3x3(1−2ln⁡2x) dx=3ln⁡2xx2+C1\int \frac{3}{x^3}(1 - 2\ln 2x)\,dx = \frac{3\ln 2x}{x^2} + C_1

2. Expand the integral and separate the terms

∫3x3 dx−∫6ln⁡2xx3 dx=3ln⁡2xx2+C1\int \frac{3}{x^3}\,dx - \int \frac{6\ln 2x}{x^3}\,dx = \frac{3\ln 2x}{x^2} + C_1
3∫x−3 dx−6∫ln⁡2xx3 dx=3ln⁡2xx2+C13\int x^{-3}\,dx - 6\int \frac{\ln 2x}{x^3}\,dx = \frac{3\ln 2x}{x^2} + C_1

3. Evaluate the standard integral and rearrange to find the target integral

3(x−2−2)−6∫ln⁡2xx3 dx=3ln⁡2xx2+C13\left(\frac{x^{-2}}{-2}\right) - 6\int \frac{\ln 2x}{x^3}\,dx = \frac{3\ln 2x}{x^2} + C_1
−32x2−3ln⁡2xx2−C1=6∫ln⁡2xx3 dx-\frac{3}{2x^2} - \frac{3\ln 2x}{x^2} - C_1 = 6\int \frac{\ln 2x}{x^3}\,dx
∫ln⁡2xx3 dx=−312x2−3ln⁡2x6x2+C\int \frac{\ln 2x}{x^3}\,dx = -\frac{3}{12x^2} - \frac{3\ln 2x}{6x^2} + C
∫ln⁡2xx3 dx=−14x2−ln⁡2x2x2+C\int \frac{\ln 2x}{x^3}\,dx = -\frac{1}{4x^2} - \frac{\ln 2x}{2x^2} + C

Answer

−14x2−ln⁡2x2x2+C-\frac{1}{4x^2} - \frac{\ln 2x}{2x^2} + C

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