The equation of a curve is given by y=5xe2x+1y = 5xe^{2x+1}.

  1. (a)

    Find dydx\frac{dy}{dx}.

  2. (b)

    Hence, find ∫xe2x+1 dx\int xe^{2x+1} \text{ d}x.

  3. (c)

    Determine the range of values of xx for which yy is a decreasing function.

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Worked solution

3(a)

1. Apply the product rule to differentiate the function

Let u=5xu = 5x and v=e2x+1v = e^{2x+1}.
dudx=5\frac{du}{dx} = 5
dvdx=2e2x+1\frac{dv}{dx} = 2e^{2x+1}

2. Combine using the product rule formula and simplify

dydx=udvdx+vdudx\frac{dy}{dx} = u\frac{dv}{dx} + v\frac{du}{dx}
dydx=(5x)(2e2x+1)+(e2x+1)(5)\frac{dy}{dx} = (5x)(2e^{2x+1}) + (e^{2x+1})(5)
dydx=10xe2x+1+5e2x+1\frac{dy}{dx} = 10xe^{2x+1} + 5e^{2x+1}
dydx=5e2x+1(2x+1)\frac{dy}{dx} = 5e^{2x+1}(2x + 1)

Answer

5e2x+1(1+2x)5e^{2x+1}(1 + 2x)

3(b)

1. State the derivative from part (a) and express integration as the reverse process.

From (a), we have ddx(5xe2x+1)=5e2x+1+10xe2x+1\frac{d}{dx}(5xe^{2x+1}) = 5e^{2x+1} + 10xe^{2x+1}.
Integrating both sides with respect to xx:
∫(5e2x+1+10xe2x+1) dx=5xe2x+1+c\int (5e^{2x+1} + 10xe^{2x+1}) \text{ d}x = 5xe^{2x+1} + c

2. Rearrange the equation to isolate the integral of the required term.

∫5e2x+1 dx+10∫xe2x+1 dx=5xe2x+1+c\int 5e^{2x+1} \text{ d}x + 10 \int xe^{2x+1} \text{ d}x = 5xe^{2x+1} + c
10∫xe2x+1 dx=5xe2x+1−∫5e2x+1 dx10 \int xe^{2x+1} \text{ d}x = 5xe^{2x+1} - \int 5e^{2x+1} \text{ d}x

3. Evaluate the remaining integral and divide by 10 to find the final answer.

10∫xe2x+1 dx=5xe2x+1−52e2x+1+c10 \int xe^{2x+1} \text{ d}x = 5xe^{2x+1} - \frac{5}{2}e^{2x+1} + c
∫xe2x+1 dx=12xe2x+1−14e2x+1+C\int xe^{2x+1} \text{ d}x = \frac{1}{2}xe^{2x+1} - \frac{1}{4}e^{2x+1} + C, where C=c10C = \frac{c}{10}

Answer

12xe2x+1−14e2x+1+C\frac{1}{2}xe^{2x+1} - \frac{1}{4}e^{2x+1} + C

3(c)

1. Set up the inequality for a decreasing function using the derivative from part (a)

From part (a), dydx=5e2x+1(1+2x)\frac{dy}{dx} = 5e^{2x+1}(1 + 2x).
For yy to be a decreasing function, dydx<0\frac{dy}{dx} < 0.
5e2x+1(1+2x)<05e^{2x+1}(1 + 2x) < 0

2. Solve the inequality by considering the sign of the exponential term

Since 5e2x+1>05e^{2x+1} > 0 for all real values of xx, we must have:
1+2x<01 + 2x < 0
2x<−12x < -1
x<−12x < -\frac{1}{2}

Answer

x<−12x < -\frac{1}{2}

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