Solve the inequality 3x+13<2−5x4\frac{3x+1}{3} < \frac{2-5x}{4}. Answer ... It is given that a=2b−3cb+2ca = \frac{2b-3c}{b+2c}. Find aa when b=0.2b = 0.2 and c=−1.5c = -1.5. Answer aa = ... Express bb in terms of aa and cc. Answer bb = ... Solve the equation 5xx−3−22x−3=1\displaystyle \frac{5x}{x-3} - \frac{2}{2x-3} = 1. Give your solutions correct to 3 decimal places. Answer x = ... or ...

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Worked solution

(a)

1. 去分母并展开括号

不等式两边同乘以 1212:
4(3x+1)<3(2−5x)4(3x + 1) < 3(2 - 5x)
展开得到:
12x+4<6−15x12x + 4 < 6 - 15x

2. 移项、合并同类项并解出 $x$

将含 xx 的项移至左边,常数项移至右边:
12x+15x<6−412x + 15x < 6 - 4
27x<227x < 2
两边同除以 2727 得:
x<227x < \frac{2}{27}

Answer

x<227x < \frac{2}{27}

(b)(i)

1. 代入数值并计算结果

将 b=0.2b = 0.2 和 c=−1.5c = -1.5 代入公式 a=2b−3cb+2ca = \frac{2b - 3c}{b + 2c}:
a=2(0.2)−3(−1.5)0.2+2(−1.5)=0.4+4.50.2−3=4.9−2.8=−1.75a = \frac{2(0.2) - 3(-1.5)}{0.2 + 2(-1.5)} = \frac{0.4 + 4.5}{0.2 - 3} = \frac{4.9}{-2.8} = -1.75

Answer

a=−1.75a = -1.75 (或 −134-1\frac{3}{4} / −74-\frac{7}{4})

(b)(ii)

1. 去分母并展开

在方程 a=2b−3cb+2ca = \frac{2b - 3c}{b + 2c} 两边同乘以 (b+2c)(b + 2c):
a(b+2c)=2b−3ca(b + 2c) = 2b - 3c
ab+2ac=2b−3cab + 2ac = 2b - 3c

2. 将含 $b$ 的项移到方程同一侧并提取公因式 $b$

将含 bb 的项移到右侧,其余项移到左侧:
2ac+3c=2b−ab2ac + 3c = 2b - ab
提取公因式 bb:
2ac+3c=b(2−a)2ac + 3c = b(2 - a)

3. 解出 $b$

两边同除以 (2−a)(2 - a):
b=3c+2ac2−ab = \frac{3c + 2ac}{2 - a}

Answer

b=3c+2ac2−ab = \frac{3c + 2ac}{2 - a} (或 c(3+2a)2−a\frac{c(3 + 2a)}{2 - a} / −3c−2aca−2\frac{-3c - 2ac}{a - 2})

(c)

1. 去分母转化为整式方程

方程两边同乘以最简公分母 (x−3)(2x−3)(x - 3)(2x - 3):
5x(2x−3)−2(x−3)=1⋅(x−3)(2x−3)5x(2x - 3) - 2(x - 3) = 1 \cdot (x - 3)(2x - 3)

2. 展开并化简为标准一元二次方程

展开等式两边:
左边:10x2−15x−2x+6=10x2−17x+610x^2 - 15x - 2x + 6 = 10x^2 - 17x + 6
右边:2x2−3x−6x+9=2x2−9x+92x^2 - 3x - 6x + 9 = 2x^2 - 9x + 9
移项合并得标准形式:
8x2−8x−3=08x^2 - 8x - 3 = 0

3. 应用求根公式计算精确根的表达式

使用二次方程求根公式 x=−b±b2−4ac2ax = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a},其中 a=8,b=−8,c=−3a = 8, b = -8, c = -3:
x=−(−8)±(−8)2−4(8)(−3)2(8)=8±64+9616=8±16016x = \frac{-(-8) \pm \sqrt{(-8)^2 - 4(8)(-3)}}{2(8)} = \frac{8 \pm \sqrt{64 + 96}}{16} = \frac{8 \pm \sqrt{160}}{16}

4. 求出小数解并按要求保留3位小数

计算得:
x=8+16016≈1.290569...≈1.291x = \frac{8 + \sqrt{160}}{16} \approx 1.290569... \approx 1.291
x=8−16016≈−0.290569...≈−0.291x = \frac{8 - \sqrt{160}}{16} \approx -0.290569... \approx -0.291

Answer

x=1.291x = 1.291 或 x=−0.291x = -0.291

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