Ang家、Bao家和Chew家分别有3名、5名和4名成员。这三个家庭被邀请参加一场婚宴。 由于场地限制,每个家庭只能有2名成员参加婚宴。
- (a)
求选出这6名出席者的方法数。
- (b)
在第 (a) 问中选出的 6 名出席者被随机安排在一张圆桌旁就座。求来自 Ang 家族的 2 名成员不相邻的概率。
- (c)
主办方决定改变场地布局以容纳更多人,从而现在总共可以有 7 人参加晚宴。
求选择这 7 名出席者的方法数,使得每个家族至少有 2 名成员。
- (d)
在第 (c) 部分中选出的 7 名与会者在拍照时被随机安排排成一排。求来自同一个家庭的人坐在一起的概率。
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完整解法
7(a)
1. Set up the expression to choose 2 members from each family
Number of ways =
2. Calculate the total number of ways
7(b)
1. Find the total number of ways to arrange the 6 distinct attendees at a round table.
2. Find the number of arrangements where the 2 Ang family members are seated next to each other.
Treat the 2 Ang family members as a single unit. There are now 5 units in total (1 Ang unit + 4 other distinct people).
The 2 Ang family members can swap positions within their unit in ways.
3. Calculate the probability that they are not next to each other using the complement rule.
7(c)
1. Identify the possible family member breakdowns that sum to 7, with at least 2 from each of the 3 families.
Since each of the 3 families must have at least 2 members attending, this accounts for members.
To select 7 members in total, exactly one family must have 3 members attending, while the other two have 2.
The possible cases are:
Case 1: 3 Ang, 2 Bao, 2 Chew
Case 2: 2 Ang, 3 Bao, 2 Chew
Case 3: 2 Ang, 2 Bao, 3 Chew
2. Calculate the number of ways to select the members for each case.
Case 1: ways
Case 2: ways
Case 3: ways
3. Sum the possibilities across all valid cases to find the total number of ways.
Total number of ways
7(d)
1. Deduce the family group sizes of the selected attendees.
Since 7 attendees are selected with at least 2 from each of the 3 families, the only possible distribution of attendees per family is , , and .
2. Calculate the number of ways to arrange the attendees so that family members are together.
To keep members of the same family together, we treat each family group as a single block.
Number of ways to arrange the 3 family blocks
Number of ways to arrange members within their respective family blocks
Total favourable arrangements
3. Find the total number of arrangements for the 7 attendees and compute the probability.
Total number of unrestricted arrangements for 7 people in a row
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