The Ang family, the Bao family and the Chew family have three, five and four members respectively. The three families are invited to a wedding dinner. Due to venue constraints, only 2 members from each family can attend the dinner.

  1. (a)

    Find the number of ways to select the 6 attendees.

  2. (b)

    The 6 attendees selected in part (a) are randomly arranged to sit at a round table. Find the probability that the 2 members from the Ang family are not next to each other.

  3. (c)

    The host decides to change the layout of the venue to accommodate more people, so that a total of 7 people can now attend the dinner.

    Find the number of ways to select the 7 attendees with at least 2 members from each family.

  4. (d)

    The 7 attendees selected in part (c) are randomly arranged to sit in a row during photo-taking. Find the probability that the people from the same family are seated together.

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Worked solution

7(a)

1. Set up the expression to choose 2 members from each family

Number of ways = 3C2×5C2×4C2{}^3C_2 \times {}^5C_2 \times {}^4C_2

2. Calculate the total number of ways

=3×10×6= 3 \times 10 \times 6
=180= 180

Answer

180180

7(b)

1. Find the total number of ways to arrange the 6 distinct attendees at a round table.

Total arrangements=(6−1)!=5!=120\text{Total arrangements} = (6 - 1)! = 5! = 120

2. Find the number of arrangements where the 2 Ang family members are seated next to each other.

Treat the 2 Ang family members as a single unit. There are now 5 units in total (1 Ang unit + 4 other distinct people).

Arrangements of 5 units in a circle=(5−1)!=4!=24\text{Arrangements of 5 units in a circle} = (5 - 1)! = 4! = 24

The 2 Ang family members can swap positions within their unit in 2!2! ways.

Arrangements where they are together=24×2!=48\text{Arrangements where they are together} = 24 \times 2! = 48

3. Calculate the probability that they are not next to each other using the complement rule.

Probability (together)=48120=25\text{Probability (together)} = \frac{48}{120} = \frac{2}{5}

Probability (not together)=1−25=35\text{Probability (not together)} = 1 - \frac{2}{5} = \frac{3}{5}

Answer

35\frac{3}{5}

7(c)

1. Identify the possible family member breakdowns that sum to 7, with at least 2 from each of the 3 families.

Since each of the 3 families must have at least 2 members attending, this accounts for 2+2+2=62 + 2 + 2 = 6 members.
To select 7 members in total, exactly one family must have 3 members attending, while the other two have 2.

The possible cases are:
Case 1: 3 Ang, 2 Bao, 2 Chew
Case 2: 2 Ang, 3 Bao, 2 Chew
Case 3: 2 Ang, 2 Bao, 3 Chew

2. Calculate the number of ways to select the members for each case.

Case 1: 3C3×5C2×4C2=1×10×6=60{}^3C_3 \times {}^5C_2 \times {}^4C_2 = 1 \times 10 \times 6 = 60 ways
Case 2: 3C2×5C3×4C2=3×10×6=180{}^3C_2 \times {}^5C_3 \times {}^4C_2 = 3 \times 10 \times 6 = 180 ways
Case 3: 3C2×5C2×4C3=3×10×4=120{}^3C_2 \times {}^5C_2 \times {}^4C_3 = 3 \times 10 \times 4 = 120 ways

3. Sum the possibilities across all valid cases to find the total number of ways.

Total number of ways =60+180+120=360= 60 + 180 + 120 = 360

Answer

360360

7(d)

1. Deduce the family group sizes of the selected attendees.

Since 7 attendees are selected with at least 2 from each of the 3 families, the only possible distribution of attendees per family is 33, 22, and 22.

2. Calculate the number of ways to arrange the attendees so that family members are together.

To keep members of the same family together, we treat each family group as a single block.
Number of ways to arrange the 3 family blocks =3!=6= 3! = 6
Number of ways to arrange members within their respective family blocks =3!×2!×2!=24= 3! \times 2! \times 2! = 24
Total favourable arrangements =3!×(3!×2!×2!)=144= 3! \times (3! \times 2! \times 2!) = 144

3. Find the total number of arrangements for the 7 attendees and compute the probability.

Total number of unrestricted arrangements for 7 people in a row =7!=5040= 7! = 5040

Probability=1445040=135\text{Probability} = \frac{144}{5040} = \frac{1}{35}

Answer

135\frac{1}{35}

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