The diagram shows part of the curve y=−10−6xy = -\sqrt{10 - 6x} meeting the x-axis at the point A. The normal to the curve at B, where x=−1x = -1, meets the x-axis at the point C.

  1. (a)

    Find the equation of the normal at B.

  2. (b)

    Find the area of the shaded region.

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Worked solution

9(a)

1. Find the $y$-coordinate of point B

When x=−1x = -1,
y=−10−6(−1)y = -\sqrt{10 - 6(-1)}
y=−16=−4y = -\sqrt{16} = -4
So, B is (−1,−4)(-1, -4).

2. Differentiate the equation of the curve to find $\frac{dy}{dx}$

y=−(10−6x)12y = -(10 - 6x)^{\frac{1}{2}}
dydx=−12(10−6x)−12⋅(−6)\frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{1}{2}(10 - 6x)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \cdot (-6)
dydx=310−6x\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{3}{\sqrt{10 - 6x}}

3. Find the gradient of the tangent at B

At x=−1x = -1,
dydx=310−6(−1)=316=34\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{3}{\sqrt{10 - 6(-1)}} = \frac{3}{\sqrt{16}} = \frac{3}{4}

4. Find the gradient of the normal at B

Gradient of normal mn=−1dydxm_n = -\frac{1}{\frac{dy}{dx}}
mn=−134=−43m_n = -\frac{1}{\frac{3}{4}} = -\frac{4}{3}

5. Find the equation of the normal at B

Using y−y1=m(x−x1)y - y_1 = m(x - x_1) with (−1,−4)(-1, -4) and m=−43m = -\frac{4}{3}:
y−(−4)=−43(x−(−1))y - (-4) = -\frac{4}{3}(x - (-1))
y+4=−43(x+1)y + 4 = -\frac{4}{3}(x + 1)
y=−43x−43−4y = -\frac{4}{3}x - \frac{4}{3} - 4
y=−43x−163y = -\frac{4}{3}x - \frac{16}{3}

Answer

y=−43x−163y = -\frac{4}{3}x - \frac{16}{3}

9(b)

1. Find the equation of the normal at B and the coordinates of C

From part (a), y=−(10−6x)1/2y = -(10-6x)^{1/2}.
dydx=−12(10−6x)−1/2(−6)=310−6x\frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{1}{2}(10-6x)^{-1/2}(-6) = \frac{3}{\sqrt{10-6x}}.
At x=−1x = -1, dydx=316=34\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{3}{\sqrt{16}} = \frac{3}{4}.
Gradient of normal =−43= -\frac{4}{3}.
Equation of normal at B(−1,−4)(-1, -4):
y−(−4)=−43(x−(−1))⇒y=−43x−163y - (-4) = -\frac{4}{3}(x - (-1)) \Rightarrow y = -\frac{4}{3}x - \frac{16}{3}.
At C, y=0⇒−43x−163=0⇒x=−4y = 0 \Rightarrow -\frac{4}{3}x - \frac{16}{3} = 0 \Rightarrow x = -4.
So C is (−4,0)(-4, 0).

2. Find the area of the triangle bounded by the normal, x-axis, and the vertical line $x=-1$

The region from x=−4x = -4 to x=−1x = -1 is a triangle with vertices (−4,0)(-4,0), (−1,0)(-1,0), and (−1,−4)(-1,-4).
Base =−1−(−4)=3= -1 - (-4) = 3.
Height =4= 4.
Area of triangle =12×3×4=6= \frac{1}{2} \times 3 \times 4 = 6.

3. Set up the definite integral for the area under the curve from $x=-1$ to $x=5/3$

The curve meets the x-axis at A where 10−6x=0⇒x=5310-6x=0 \Rightarrow x = \frac{5}{3}.
The area between the curve and the x-axis from x=−1x=-1 to x=53x=\frac{5}{3} is:
∫−15/3∣−10−6x∣ dx=∫−15/3(10−6x)1/2 dx\int_{-1}^{5/3} |-\sqrt{10-6x}| \, dx = \int_{-1}^{5/3} (10-6x)^{1/2} \, dx

4. Evaluate the definite integral

∫−15/3(10−6x)1/2 dx=[(10−6x)3/232×(−6)]−15/3\int_{-1}^{5/3} (10-6x)^{1/2} \, dx = \left[ \frac{(10-6x)^{3/2}}{\frac{3}{2} \times (-6)} \right]_{-1}^{5/3}
=[−19(10−6x)3/2]−15/3= \left[ -\frac{1}{9}(10-6x)^{3/2} \right]_{-1}^{5/3}
=−19(0)3/2−(−19(10−6(−1))3/2)= -\frac{1}{9}(0)^{3/2} - \left( -\frac{1}{9}(10-6(-1))^{3/2} \right)
=0+19(16)3/2= 0 + \frac{1}{9}(16)^{3/2}
=19(64)=649=719= \frac{1}{9}(64) = \frac{64}{9} = 7\frac{1}{9}

5. Calculate the total shaded area

Total area =Area of triangle+Area under curve= \text{Area of triangle} + \text{Area under curve}
=6+719=1319= 6 + 7\frac{1}{9} = 13\frac{1}{9}

Answer

111911\frac{1}{9}

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