A curve has the equation y=x2+px−4p+9y = x^2 + px - 4p + 9, where pp is a constant.

  1. (a)

    Find the range of values of pp such that x2+px−4p+9x^2 + px - 4p + 9 is always positive for all real values of xx.

  2. (b)

    In the case where p=4p = 4, show that the line y=6x−8y = 6x - 8 is a tangent to the curve.

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Worked solution

(a)

1. 确定二次表达式恒正的条件,计算判别式 $\Delta$

对于二次表达式 x2+px−4p+9x^2 + px - 4p + 9,x2x^2 的系数为 1>01 > 0。
要使该表达式对所有实数 xx 恒为正,其判别式必须小于零:
Δ=b2−4ac<0\Delta = b^2 - 4ac < 0
代入系数:
Δ=p2−4(1)(−4p+9)=p2+16p−36\Delta = p^2 - 4(1)(-4p + 9) = p^2 + 16p - 36

2. 解二次不等式求出 $p$ 的取值范围

令 Δ<0\Delta < 0,得:
p2+16p−36<0p^2 + 16p - 36 < 0
因式分解得:
(p+18)(p−2)<0(p + 18)(p - 2) < 0
解得 pp 的取值范围为:
−18<p<2-18 < p < 2

Answer

−18<p<2-18 < p < 2

(b)

1. 将 $p = 4$ 代入曲线方程,并与直线方程联立得到二次方程

当 p=4p = 4 时,曲线方程为:
y=x2+4x−4(4)+9=x2+4x−7y = x^2 + 4x - 4(4) + 9 = x^2 + 4x - 7
联立曲线与直线 y=6x−8y = 6x - 8:
x2+4x−7=6x−8x^2 + 4x - 7 = 6x - 8
整理得:
x2−2x+1=0x^2 - 2x + 1 = 0

2. 计算判别式并得出相切结论

计算该二次方程的判别式 Δ\Delta:
Δ=(−2)2−4(1)(1)=4−4=0\Delta = (-2)^2 - 4(1)(1) = 4 - 4 = 0
(或者:(x−1)2=0(x - 1)^2 = 0,方程有重根 x=1x = 1)
因为判别式 Δ=0\Delta = 0,说明直线与曲线有且仅有一个交点,所以直线 y=6x−8y = 6x - 8 是曲线的切线。

Answer

当 p=4p = 4 时,曲线与直线联立方程的判别式 Δ=0\Delta = 0(或方程有唯一重根 x=1x = 1),因此直线 y=6x−8y = 6x - 8 是曲线的切线。

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