Let y=9x3+5x2−3x+1y = 9x^3 + 5x^2 - 3x + 1.

  1. (a)

    Complete the table for y=9x3+5x2−3x+1y = 9x^3 + 5x^2 - 3x + 1. Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place.

  2. (b)

    On the grid, draw the graph of y=9x3+5x2−3x+1y = 9x^3 + 5x^2 - 3x + 1 for −1≤x≤1-1 \le x \le 1.

  3. (c)

    Use your graph to find the solution of the equation 9x3+5x2=3x+59x^3 + 5x^2 = 3x + 5.

    Answer x = ...

  4. (d)

    Use your graph, find the x-coordinates of the points where the gradients are −3-3.

    Answer x = ... and ...

  5. (e)
    1. (i)

      On the grid in part (b), draw the line 8x=5y−158x = 5y - 15 for −1≤x≤1-1 \le x \le 1.

    2. (ii)

      The x-coordinates of the points of intersection of the line 8x=5y−158x = 5y - 15 and the curve y=9x3+5x2−3x+1y = 9x^3 + 5x^2 - 3x + 1 give the solutions of the equation

      45x3+25x2−Ax−2B=0.45x^3 + 25x^2 - Ax - 2B = 0.

      Find the values of A and B.

      Answer A = ...

      B = ...

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Worked solution

5(a)

1. Evaluate $y$ when $x=-0.25$ and round to 1 decimal place.

For the missing entry, x=−0.25x=-0.25.

y=9(−0.25)3+5(−0.25)2−3(−0.25)+1y=9(-0.25)^3+5(-0.25)^2-3(-0.25)+1

y=9(−0.015625)+5(0.0625)+0.75+1y=9(-0.015625)+5(0.0625)+0.75+1

y=−0.140625+0.3125+0.75+1=1.921875y=-0.140625+0.3125+0.75+1=1.921875

Correct to 1 decimal place,

y=1.9y=1.9

Answer

The missing value in the table is 1.9\boxed{1.9}.

5(b)

1. Use the completed table values as coordinates for plotting.

From the table, the points to plot are
(−1,0), (−0.75,2.3), (−0.5,2.6), (−0.25,1.9), (0,1), (0.25,0.7), (0.5,1.9), (0.75,5.4), (1,12).(-1,0),\ (-0.75,2.3),\ (-0.5,2.6),\ (-0.25,1.9),\ (0,1),\ (0.25,0.7),\ (0.5,1.9),\ (0.75,5.4),\ (1,12).

2. Plot the points accurately on the supplied grid.

Plot each coordinate pair on the grid for −1≤x≤1-1\le x\le 1, using the given scales on the xx-axis and yy-axis.

3. Draw the curve through the plotted points.

Join the plotted points with a smooth curve, not straight line segments, over the interval −1≤x≤1-1\le x\le 1. The curve should pass close to all the plotted points and stay within the given domain.

Answer

A smooth curve of y=9x3+5x2−3x+1y=9x^3+5x^2-3x+1 is drawn for −1≤x≤1-1\le x\le 1, passing through the plotted points
(−1,0)(-1,0), (−0.75,2.3)(-0.75,2.3), (−0.5,2.6)(-0.5,2.6), (−0.25,1.9)(-0.25,1.9), (0,1)(0,1), (0.25,0.7)(0.25,0.7), (0.5,1.9)(0.5,1.9), (0.75,5.4)(0.75,5.4) and (1,12)(1,12).

5(c)

1. Relate the equation to the graph drawn in part (b).

The graph drawn is
y=9x3+5x2−3x+1y=9x^3+5x^2-3x+1.

Given
9x3+5x2=3x+59x^3+5x^2=3x+5,

rearrange:
9x3+5x2−3x+1=69x^3+5x^2-3x+1=6.

So the required solution is where the curve has y=6y=6.

2. Use the graph to read the x-coordinate where the curve meets the line y = 6.

Draw or imagine the horizontal line y=6y=6 on the graph.

It intersects the curve at about
x=0.78x=0.78.

Hence, x≈0.78x\approx0.78.

Answer

x≈0.78x \approx \boxed{0.78}

5(d)

1. Identify the direction of a line with gradient $-3$.

A gradient of −3-3 means
vertical changehorizontal change=−3.\frac{\text{vertical change}}{\text{horizontal change}}=-3.
So a suitable guide line has a fall of 33 units for every 11 unit moved to the right.

2. Use the graph to locate tangents with this gradient.

On the graph of y=9x3+5x2−3x+1y=9x^3+5x^2-3x+1, draw tangents parallel to the guide line of gradient −3-3. There are two such points on the curve.

3. Read the required $x$-coordinates from the graph.

Reading the xx-coordinates of these two tangent points from the graph gives approximately
x≈−0.37andx≈0.x\approx -0.37 \quad \text{and} \quad x\approx 0.

Answer

x≈−0.37x \approx \boxed{-0.37} and x≈0x \approx \boxed{0}

5(e)(i)

1. Rearrange the equation into gradient-intercept form.

8x=5y−158x=5y-15
5y=8x+155y=8x+15
y=85x+3y=\frac{8}{5}x+3
y=1.6x+3y=1.6x+3

2. Find two points on the line within the required interval.

When x=−1x=-1,
y=1.6(−1)+3=1.4.y=1.6(-1)+3=1.4.
When x=1x=1,
y=1.6(1)+3=4.6.y=1.6(1)+3=4.6.
So two points on the line are (−1,1.4)(-1,1.4) and (1,4.6)(1,4.6).

3. Draw the line segment on the existing grid.

Plot (−1,1.4)(-1,1.4) and (1,4.6)(1,4.6) on the grid, then join them with a straight line segment for −1≤x≤1-1\le x\le 1.

Answer

Draw the straight line segment y=1.6x+3y=1.6x+3 for −1≤x≤1-1\le x\le 1, for example through the points (−1,1.4)(-1,1.4) and (1,4.6)(1,4.6).

5(e)(ii)

1. Write the line equation in terms of $y$.

From part (e)(i),
8x=5y−158x=5y-15
5y=8x+155y=8x+15
y=8x+155.y=\frac{8x+15}{5}.

2. Equate the curve and the line to form the cubic equation for their intersections.

At the points of intersection,
9x3+5x2−3x+1=8x+155.9x^3+5x^2-3x+1=\frac{8x+15}{5}.
Multiply by 55:
45x3+25x2−15x+5=8x+15.45x^3+25x^2-15x+5=8x+15.
Bring all terms to one side:
45x3+25x2−23x−10=0.45x^3+25x^2-23x-10=0.

3. Compare the cubic equation with the given form to find $A$ and $B$.

Compare
45x3+25x2−23x−10=045x^3+25x^2-23x-10=0
with
45x3+25x2−Ax−2B=0.45x^3+25x^2-Ax-2B=0.
So
A=23A=23
and
2B=10⇒B=5.2B=10 \Rightarrow B=5.

Answer

A=23A=\boxed{23}

B=5B=\boxed{5}

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