圆在点 (6,10)(6, 10) 处的切线通过点 (9,6)(9, 6)。该圆的圆心在直线 3y=4x+133y = 4x + 13 上。 写出所有的解题步骤,求该圆的方程。

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完整解法

4

1. Find the gradient of the tangent

Let the point of tangency be A(6,10)A(6, 10) and the other point on the tangent be B(9,6)B(9, 6).
Gradient of tangent mt=6−109−6=−43m_t = \frac{6 - 10}{9 - 6} = -\frac{4}{3}

2. Find the equation of the normal to the circle at the point of tangency

The normal is perpendicular to the tangent, so its gradient mn=−1mt=34m_n = \frac{-1}{m_t} = \frac{3}{4}.
The normal passes through A(6,10)A(6, 10).
Equation of normal: y−10=34(x−6)y - 10 = \frac{3}{4}(x - 6)
4y−40=3x−184y - 40 = 3x - 18
4y=3x+224y = 3x + 22

3. Find the coordinates of the centre of the circle

The centre of the circle lies on the normal 4y=3x+224y = 3x + 22 and the given line 3y=4x+133y = 4x + 13.
Solve simultaneously:
y=34x+112y = \frac{3}{4}x + \frac{11}{2}
Substitute into 3y=4x+133y = 4x + 13:
3(34x+112)=4x+133\left(\frac{3}{4}x + \frac{11}{2}\right) = 4x + 13
94x+332=4x+13\frac{9}{4}x + \frac{33}{2} = 4x + 13
332−13=4x−94x\frac{33}{2} - 13 = 4x - \frac{9}{4}x
72=74x\frac{7}{2} = \frac{7}{4}x
x=2x = 2
Substitute x=2x = 2 into 4y=3(2)+224y = 3(2) + 22:
4y=28  ⟹  y=74y = 28 \implies y = 7
Centre of circle is (2,7)(2, 7).

4. Find the radius of the circle

The radius rr is the distance from the centre (2,7)(2, 7) to the point on the circle (6,10)(6, 10).
r2=(6−2)2+(10−7)2r^2 = (6 - 2)^2 + (10 - 7)^2
r2=42+32=16+9=25r^2 = 4^2 + 3^2 = 16 + 9 = 25
r=5r = 5

5. Write the equation of the circle

Equation of circle with centre (a,b)(a, b) and radius rr is (x−a)2+(y−b)2=r2(x - a)^2 + (y - b)^2 = r^2.
(x−2)2+(y−7)2=25(x - 2)^2 + (y - 7)^2 = 25

答案

(x−2)2+(y−7)2=25(x - 2)^2 + (y - 7)^2 = 25

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