集合 P 和 Q 由坐标为 (x, y) 的点组成,分别由 P = {(x, y) : y = 2x + 3} 和 Q = {(0, 0), (0, 3), (1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 9)} 给出。

  1. (a)

    列出 P∩QP \cap Q 中的元素。

    答案 ...

  2. (b)

    阴影表示 (P′∪Q)′(P' \cup Q)' 的区域。

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完整解法

14(a)

1. Identify the meaning of $P \cap Q$ and test elements of $Q$ against the rule for $P$.

PP contains all points satisfying y=2x+3y=2x+3.

For each point in QQ:

(0,0):0≠2(0)+3=3(0,0):\quad 0 \ne 2(0)+3=3, so (0,0)∉P(0,0) \notin P.

(0,3):3=2(0)+3(0,3):\quad 3=2(0)+3, so (0,3)∈P(0,3) \in P.

(1,5):5=2(1)+3(1,5):\quad 5=2(1)+3, so (1,5)∈P(1,5) \in P.

(2,5):5≠2(2)+3=7(2,5):\quad 5 \ne 2(2)+3=7, so (2,5)∉P(2,5) \notin P.

(3,9):9=2(3)+3(3,9):\quad 9=2(3)+3, so (3,9)∈P(3,9) \in P.

2. List the elements common to $P$ and $Q$.

The elements of QQ that also belong to PP are

(0,3), (1,5), (3,9).(0,3),\ (1,5),\ (3,9).

Therefore,

P∩Q={(0,3),(1,5),(3,9)}.P \cap Q=\{(0,3),(1,5),(3,9)\}.

答案

P∩Q={(0,3),(1,5),(3,9)}P \cap Q = \{(0,3), (1,5), (3,9)\}

14(b)

1. Simplify the set expression to identify the required Venn diagram region.

(P′∪Q)′=(P′)′∩Q′=P∩Q′(P' \cup Q)' = (P')' \cap Q' = P \cap Q'
So the required region is the part of PP that is not in QQ.

答案

Shade only the region inside both circles, i.e. the overlap P∩QP \cap Q.

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