温迪(Wendie)参加训练以准备一场跑步比赛。在第一场训练中,她在恰好 5 分钟内跑了 1000 米的距离。对于之后的每一场训练,跑步的距离都比前一场多 x%x\%,且所花的时间比前一场多 1.5 分钟。

  1. (i)

    已知 x=8x = 8。

    1. (a)

      求她在第 15 次训练中跑完的距离,答案保留两位小数。

    2. (b)

      求她需要参加的最少训练次数,以使在这些训练结束时累计跑步总时间达到 15 小时。

    3. (c)

      用 n 表示在第 n 次训练中跑完该距离所用的时间。由此,求出 n 的值,使得 Wendie 在第 n 次训练中的平均跑步速度首次超过每分钟 220 米。

  2. (ii)

    如果温迪在 25 次训练结束时累计跑了 250 公里,求 x 的值。答案保留两位小数。

  3. (iii)

    温迪修改了她的训练计划,使得她在第一次训练中跑了 2000 米,并且在随后的每一次训练中,她跑的距离都比前一次减少 10%10\%。证明她累计的总距离永远不会超过 20 公里。

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完整解法

10(i)(a)

1. Identify the sequence as a geometric progression and find its parameters

The distance run in each session forms a geometric progression.
First term, a=1000a = 1000
Common ratio, r=1+8100=1.08r = 1 + \frac{8}{100} = 1.08

2. Use the formula for the $n$th term to find the distance in the 15th session

Let unu_n be the distance in the nnth session.
u15=ar15−1u_{15} = a r^{15-1}
u15=1000(1.08)14u_{15} = 1000(1.08)^{14}
u15=2937.1938...u_{15} = 2937.1938...

3. Round the answer to 2 decimal places as required

u15≈2937.19 mu_{15} \approx 2937.19 \text{ m}

答案

2937.192937.19 metres

10(i)(b)

1. Identify the arithmetic progression for time and convert the target total time to minutes.

The time taken for each session forms an arithmetic progression with first term a=5a = 5 minutes and common difference d=1.5d = 1.5 minutes.
Total running time required =15 hours=15×60=900 minutes= 15 \text{ hours} = 15 \times 60 = 900 \text{ minutes}.

2. Set up an inequality using the formula for the sum of an arithmetic series.

Using the sum formula Sn=n2[2a+(n−1)d]S_n = \frac{n}{2}[2a + (n-1)d]:
n2[2(5)+(n−1)(1.5)]≥900\frac{n}{2}[2(5) + (n-1)(1.5)] \ge 900
n2[10+1.5n−1.5]≥900\frac{n}{2}[10 + 1.5n - 1.5] \ge 900
n2[1.5n+8.5]≥900\frac{n}{2}[1.5n + 8.5] \ge 900
1.5n2+8.5n−1800≥01.5n^2 + 8.5n - 1800 \ge 0

3. Solve the quadratic inequality to find the minimum integer value for $n$.

Solving the equation 1.5n2+8.5n−1800=01.5n^2 + 8.5n - 1800 = 0 using the quadratic formula:
n=−8.5±8.52−4(1.5)(−1800)2(1.5)n = \frac{-8.5 \pm \sqrt{8.5^2 - 4(1.5)(-1800)}}{2(1.5)}
n=−8.5±10872.253n = \frac{-8.5 \pm \sqrt{10872.25}}{3}
n≈31.92orn≈−37.59 (rejected)n \approx 31.92 \quad \text{or} \quad n \approx -37.59 \text{ (rejected)}
Since nn must be an integer and n≥31.92n \ge 31.92, the minimum number of training sessions required is 3232.

答案

32

10(i)(c)

1. Find the time taken in the $n$th session.

Let TnT_n be the time taken in the nnth session.
Since the time increases by 1.51.5 minutes each session, it forms an arithmetic sequence with a=5a = 5 and d=1.5d = 1.5.
Tn=5+(n−1)(1.5)T_n = 5 + (n - 1)(1.5)
Tn=1.5n+3.5T_n = 1.5n + 3.5

2. Formulate the inequality for the average speed in the $n$th session.

The distance run in the nnth session, Dn=1000(1.08)n−1D_n = 1000(1.08)^{n-1}.
Average speed in the nnth session =DnTn=1000(1.08)n−11.5n+3.5= \frac{D_n}{T_n} = \frac{1000(1.08)^{n-1}}{1.5n + 3.5}
We require the average speed to be greater than 220 m/min:
1000(1.08)n−11.5n+3.5>220\frac{1000(1.08)^{n-1}}{1.5n + 3.5} > 220

3. Use a graphing calculator to find the minimum integer value of $n$.

Using the table function of a graphing calculator to evaluate Sn=1000(1.08)n−11.5n+3.5S_n = \frac{1000(1.08)^{n-1}}{1.5n + 3.5}:
When n=32n = 32, S32≈211.02 m/minS_{32} \approx 211.02 \text{ m/min}
When n=33n = 33, S33≈221.45 m/minS_{33} \approx 221.45 \text{ m/min}
Since 221.45>220221.45 > 220, the average speed first exceeds 220 metres per minute in the 33rd session.
n=33n = 33

答案

Time taken =1.5n+3.5= 1.5n + 3.5 minutes
n=33n = 33

10(ii)

1. Formulate the equation for the total distance run over 25 sessions.

Let the common ratio be r=1+x100r = 1 + \frac{x}{100}.
The sequence of distances forms a geometric progression with first term a=1000 ma = 1000\text{ m}.
Total distance in 25 sessions, S25=250 km=250000 mS_{25} = 250\text{ km} = 250000\text{ m}.
Using the formula for the sum of a geometric series Sn=a(rn−1)r−1S_n = \frac{a(r^n - 1)}{r - 1}:
250000=1000(r25−1)r−1250000 = \frac{1000(r^{25} - 1)}{r - 1}

2. Solve the equation using a Graphing Calculator to find $r$.

Simplifying the equation by dividing both sides by 1000:
r25−1r−1=250\frac{r^{25} - 1}{r - 1} = 250
Since the distance increases, x>0x > 0 and thus r>1r > 1.
Using a Graphing Calculator to solve r25−1r−1−250=0\frac{r^{25} - 1}{r - 1} - 250 = 0:
r≈1.160197r \approx 1.160197

3. Calculate the final value of $x$.

1+x100=1.1601971 + \frac{x}{100} = 1.160197
x100=0.160197\frac{x}{100} = 0.160197
x=16.0197x = 16.0197
x≈16.02 (to 2 d.p.)x \approx 16.02 \text{ (to 2 d.p.)}

答案

x=16.02x = 16.02

10(iii)

1. Identify the parameters of the sequence and calculate its sum to infinity.

The distances run form a geometric progression with first term a=2000a = 2000 and common ratio r=1−0.10=0.9r = 1 - 0.10 = 0.9.
The maximum possible accumulated distance is given by the sum to infinity:
S∞=a1−rS_\infty = \frac{a}{1 - r}
S∞=20001−0.9=20000.1=20000 mS_\infty = \frac{2000}{1 - 0.9} = \frac{2000}{0.1} = 20000 \text{ m}

2. Convert the theoretical limit to kilometres and state the conclusion.

Convert the maximum distance into kilometres:
20000 m=20 km20000 \text{ m} = 20 \text{ km}
Since a>0a > 0 and the common ratio r=0.9r = 0.9 is positive, each session adds a strictly positive distance. For any finite number of sessions nn, the accumulated distance SnS_n will always be strictly less than the sum to infinity S∞S_\infty.
Thus, Sn<20 kmS_n < 20 \text{ km}, showing she will never accumulate a total distance exceeding 20 km20 \text{ km}. (Shown)

答案

(Shown)

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