Answer all questions.

  1. (i)

    Differentiate 2xe1−2x2xe^{1-2x} with respect to xx.

  2. (ii)

    Hence find the exact value of ∫012xe1−2xdx\int_{0}^{1} 2xe^{1-2x} \text{d}x.

  3. (iii)

    Determine which one of two graphs below is that of y=2xe1−2xy = 2xe^{1-2x}. Explain your answer.

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Worked solution

1(i)

1. Apply the product rule to differentiate the expression

Let y=2xe1−2xy = 2xe^{1-2x}.
Using the product rule ddx(uv)=udvdx+vdudx\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}x}(uv) = u\frac{\text{d}v}{\text{d}x} + v\frac{\text{d}u}{\text{d}x} with u=2xu = 2x and v=e1−2xv = e^{1-2x}:
dydx=2x⋅ddx(e1−2x)+e1−2x⋅ddx(2x)\frac{\text{d}y}{\text{d}x} = 2x \cdot \frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}x}(e^{1-2x}) + e^{1-2x} \cdot \frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}x}(2x)

2. Differentiate the exponential term using the chain rule and simplify

dydx=2x(−2e1−2x)+e1−2x(2)\frac{\text{d}y}{\text{d}x} = 2x(-2e^{1-2x}) + e^{1-2x}(2)
=−4xe1−2x+2e1−2x= -4xe^{1-2x} + 2e^{1-2x}
=2e1−2x(1−2x)= 2e^{1-2x}(1 - 2x)

Answer

2e1−2x(1−2x)2e^{1-2x}(1 - 2x)

1(ii)

1. Find the derivative of $2xe^{1-2x}$ from part (i) to use for integration.

Let y=2xe1−2xy = 2xe^{1-2x}. Using the product rule:
dydx=2(e1−2x)+2x(−2e1−2x)\frac{\text{d}y}{\text{d}x} = 2(e^{1-2x}) + 2x(-2e^{1-2x})
dydx=2e1−2x−4xe1−2x\frac{\text{d}y}{\text{d}x} = 2e^{1-2x} - 4xe^{1-2x}

2. Rearrange the derivative to make $2xe^{1-2x}$ the subject.

4xe1−2x=2e1−2x−ddx(2xe1−2x)4xe^{1-2x} = 2e^{1-2x} - \frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}x}(2xe^{1-2x})
Dividing by 2:
2xe1−2x=e1−2x−12ddx(2xe1−2x)2xe^{1-2x} = e^{1-2x} - \frac{1}{2}\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}x}(2xe^{1-2x})

3. Integrate both sides with respect to $x$ from 0 to 1.

∫012xe1−2xdx=∫01e1−2xdx−12∫01ddx(2xe1−2x)dx\int_{0}^{1} 2xe^{1-2x} \text{d}x = \int_{0}^{1} e^{1-2x} \text{d}x - \frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{1} \frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}x}(2xe^{1-2x}) \text{d}x
∫012xe1−2xdx=[e1−2x−2]01−12[2xe1−2x]01\int_{0}^{1} 2xe^{1-2x} \text{d}x = \left[ \frac{e^{1-2x}}{-2} \right]_{0}^{1} - \frac{1}{2} \left[ 2xe^{1-2x} \right]_{0}^{1}

4. Evaluate the definite integral to find the exact value.

=(e−1−2−e1−2)−12(2(1)e−1−0)= \left( \frac{e^{-1}}{-2} - \frac{e^{1}}{-2} \right) - \frac{1}{2} \left( 2(1)e^{-1} - 0 \right)
=−12e+e2−1e= -\frac{1}{2e} + \frac{e}{2} - \frac{1}{e}
=e2−32e= \frac{e}{2} - \frac{3}{2e}

Answer

e2−32e\frac{e}{2} - \frac{3}{2e}

1(iii)

1. Determine the sign of the function for positive x to distinguish between the graphs

For x>0x > 0, 2x>02x > 0 and e1−2x>0e^{1-2x} > 0, which means y=2xe1−2x>0y = 2xe^{1-2x} > 0.
Alternatively, using the derivative from (i), dydx=2e1−2x(1−2x)\frac{\text{d}y}{\text{d}x} = 2e^{1-2x}(1 - 2x). At x=0x = 0, the gradient is 2e>02e > 0, so the graph is initially increasing.

2. Conclude which graph matches the deduced properties

Graph 1 is positive for x>0x > 0 and has a positive initial gradient, whereas Graph 2 dips below the xx-axis and has a negative initial gradient. Therefore, Graph 1 is the correct graph.

Answer

Graph 1

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