A sequence u1,u2,u3,…u_1, u_2, u_3, \dots is such that un=2un−1−15n2+60n+Au_n = 2u_{n-1} - 15n^2 + 60n + A, where AA is a constant, and n≥2n \ge 2. It is given that u1=2u_1 = 2 and u2=4u_2 = 4.

  1. (i)

    Find AA and u3u_3.

  2. (ii)

    It is known that the nnth term of this sequence is given by un=p(2n+1)−qn2+ru_n = p(2^{n+1}) - qn^2 + r.

    Find pp, qq and rr.

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Worked solution

(a)

1. 利用 $n=2$ 处的递推关系求解常数 $A$

将 n=2n=2、u1=2u_1=2、u2=4u_2=4 代入递推关系 un=2un−1−15n2+60n+Au_n = 2u_{n-1} - 15n^2 + 60n + A:
u2=2u1−15(2)2+60(2)+Au_2 = 2u_1 - 15(2)^2 + 60(2) + A
4=2(2)−15(4)+120+A4 = 2(2) - 15(4) + 120 + A
4=4−60+120+A4 = 4 - 60 + 120 + A
4=64+A4 = 64 + A
A=−60A = -60

2. 计算数列第 3 项 $u_3$ 的值

将 n=3n=3、u2=4u_2=4 以及 A=−60A=-60 代入递推关系:
u3=2u2−15(3)2+60(3)+(−60)u_3 = 2u_2 - 15(3)^2 + 60(3) + (-60)
u3=2(4)−15(9)+180−60u_3 = 2(4) - 15(9) + 180 - 60
u3=8−135+180−60u_3 = 8 - 135 + 180 - 60
u3=−7u_3 = -7

Answer

A=−60A = -60, u3=−7u_3 = -7

(b)

1. 利用通项公式及前三项的值列出三元一次方程组

已知通项公式 un=p(2n+1)−qn2+ru_n = p(2^{n+1}) - qn^2 + r。
代入 n=1,u1=2n=1, u_1=2:
p(22)−q(12)+r=2  ⟹  4p−q+r=2— (1)p(2^2) - q(1^2) + r = 2 \implies 4p - q + r = 2 \quad \text{--- (1)}
代入 n=2,u2=4n=2, u_2=4:
p(23)−q(22)+r=4  ⟹  8p−4q+r=4— (2)p(2^3) - q(2^2) + r = 4 \implies 8p - 4q + r = 4 \quad \text{--- (2)}
代入 n=3,u3=−7n=3, u_3=-7:
p(24)−q(32)+r=−7  ⟹  16p−9q+r=−7— (3)p(2^4) - q(3^2) + r = -7 \implies 16p - 9q + r = -7 \quad \text{--- (3)}

2. 消去常数 $r$,求出 $q$ 的值

式 (2) −- 式 (1):
(8p−4q+r)−(4p−q+r)=4−2  ⟹  4p−3q=2— (4)(8p - 4q + r) - (4p - q + r) = 4 - 2 \implies 4p - 3q = 2 \quad \text{--- (4)}
式 (3) −- 式 (2):
(16p−9q+r)−(8p−4q+r)=−7−4  ⟹  8p−5q=−11— (5)(16p - 9q + r) - (8p - 4q + r) = -7 - 4 \implies 8p - 5q = -11 \quad \text{--- (5)}
将式 (4) ×2\times 2 减去式 (5):
2(4p−3q)−(8p−5q)=2(2)−(−11)2(4p - 3q) - (8p - 5q) = 2(2) - (-11)
8p−6q−8p+5q=4+118p - 6q - 8p + 5q = 4 + 11
−q=15  ⟹  q=−15-q = 15 \implies q = -15

3. 回代求解 $p$ 与 $r$ 的值

将 q=−15q = -15 代入式 (4):
4p−3(−15)=2  ⟹  4p+45=2  ⟹  4p=−43  ⟹  p=−434=−10.754p - 3(-15) = 2 \implies 4p + 45 = 2 \implies 4p = -43 \implies p = -\frac{43}{4} = -10.75
将 p=−434p = -\frac{43}{4} 与 q=−15q = -15 代入式 (1):
4(−434)−(−15)+r=24\left(-\frac{43}{4}\right) - (-15) + r = 2
−43+15+r=2  ⟹  −28+r=2  ⟹  r=30-43 + 15 + r = 2 \implies -28 + r = 2 \implies r = 30

Answer

p=−10.75p = -10.75(或 −434-\dfrac{43}{4}),q=−15q = -15,r = 30$

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