一张长方形纸在它的两个角 F 和 H 处折叠,如图所示。

  1. (a)

    求 ∠HKJ\angle HKJ。

  2. (b)

    求 ∠DLF\angle DLF。

  3. (c)

    求 ∠GFH\angle GFH。

  4. (d)

    在以下陈述中,圈出正确描述 DEFL 的词语:

    DEFL( 是 / 不是 )梯形,因为 DL( 平行 / 不平行 )于 EF。

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完整解法

16(a)

1. Identify the relationship between the angles at corner K before and after folding.

When the corner of the rectangular paper at KK is folded, the crease line is LKLK. The original corner angle ∠DKJ=90∘\angle DKJ = 90^\circ is folded over.
Since the corner is folded along LKLK, the angle ∠LKH\angle LKH is equal to the original unfolded angle ∠LKD\angle LKD.
Therefore, ∠LKD=∠LKH\angle LKD = \angle LKH.

2. Calculate the angle $\angle HKJ$.

We are given that the angle between the fold line LKLK and the vertical edge KJKJ is ∠LKJ=67∘\angle LKJ = 67^\circ.
Since the corner of the rectangle is 90∘90^\circ, we have:
∠LKD=90∘−∠LKJ=90∘−67∘=23∘\angle LKD = 90^\circ - \angle LKJ = 90^\circ - 67^\circ = 23^\circ
Since the fold is symmetric, the angle ∠LKH=∠LKD=23∘\angle LKH = \angle LKD = 23^\circ.
Thus, we can find ∠HKJ\angle HKJ:
∠HKJ=∠LKJ−∠LKH=67∘−23∘=44∘\angle HKJ = \angle LKJ - \angle LKH = 67^\circ - 23^\circ = 44^\circ

(Alternative approach):
Let the crease line be LKLK. The total angle at KK of the unfolded sheet is 90∘90^\circ.
When folded, the angle ∠DKL\angle DKL (which is 90∘−67∘=23∘90^\circ - 67^\circ = 23^\circ) is folded over to become ∠HKL=23∘\angle HKL = 23^\circ.
Thus, ∠HKJ=∠LKJ−∠HKL=67∘−23∘=44∘\angle HKJ = \angle LKJ - \angle HKL = 67^\circ - 23^\circ = 44^\circ.

答案

46∘46^\circ

16(b)

1. Calculate $\angle DLF$ using angles on a straight line

Since D, L, and K lie on the straight top edge of the rectangular paper, DLK is a straight line (partially folded but the edge line remains straight before the crease). The angle given is ∠FLK=157∘\angle FLK = 157^\circ (or the angle between the top horizontal edge and the crease/line is 157∘157^\circ). Thus, the adjacent angle on the straight line ∠DLF\angle DLF is calculated by:
∠DLF=180∘−157∘=23∘\angle DLF = 180^\circ - 157^\circ = 23^\circ

答案

23∘23^\circ

16(d)

1. Identify the definition of a trapezium and check the parallel conditions of DEFL.

A trapezium is a quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides.

  • DLDL is a segment along the horizontal top edge DKDK.
  • EFEF is a diagonal line segment connecting the left edge to the top edge, so it is not horizontal and thus not parallel to DLDL.
  • DEDE is a segment along the vertical left edge DGDG.
  • FLFL is part of the line LJLJ which is slanted and not vertical, so it is not parallel to DEDE.

Since no pair of opposite sides in DEFLDEFL is parallel, DEFLDEFL is not a trapezium because DLDL is not parallel to EFEF (and DEDE is not parallel to FLFL).

答案

is not, is not

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