曲线的方程为 。
- (a)
求用 和 表示的 ,并化简你的答案。
- (b)
该曲线与直线 相交于点 。求:
- (i)
的坐标
- (ii)
在点 处的切线方程。
- (i)
- (c)
该曲线在点 处的切线交 x 轴于 ,在点 处的法线交 y 轴于 。若 表示原点,利用上述结果对四边形 进行几何描述。
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完整解法
3(a)
1. Differentiate both sides of the given equation implicitly with respect to $x$, applying the product rule and chain rule.
2. Collect all terms containing $\frac{dy}{dx}$ on one side to isolate the derivative.
3. Make $\frac{dy}{dx}$ the subject and simplify the expression by extracting and cancelling the common factor.
3(b)(i)
1. Substitute the equation of the line into the equation of the curve and solve for $x$.
Substitute into :
2. Find the corresponding $y$-coordinate to obtain the coordinates of $P$.
Substitute into :
Therefore, the coordinates of are .
3(b)(ii)
1. Find the coordinates of $P$ (from part b(i)).
Substitute into the curve equation :
Since , we have . Thus, is .
2. Find the expression for $\frac{dy}{dx}$ (from part a).
Differentiating the curve equation implicitly with respect to :
3. Evaluate the gradient of the tangent at point $P$.
Substitute and into :
The denominator is and the numerator is non-zero, so the gradient is undefined. This indicates that the tangent to the curve is a vertical line.
4. Determine the equation of the tangent at $P$.
A vertical tangent passing through has a constant -coordinate.
The equation of the tangent is therefore .
3(c)
1. Find the coordinates of $P$ and the equations of the tangent and normal at $P$ (from part b).
Substitute into the curve equation :
Hence , so is .
From (a), . At :
Thus, the tangent at is the vertical line , and the normal at is the horizontal line .
2. Determine the coordinates of $Q$ and $R$.
The vertical tangent intersects the x-axis at .
The horizontal normal intersects the y-axis at .
3. Describe the geometrical shape of the quadrilateral $OQPR$.
The vertices of the quadrilateral are , , , and .
Since lies on the y-axis and lies on the x-axis, .
The lengths of the sides are:
Because all four sides are of equal length and the internal angles are , is a square.
is a square.
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