在同一幅图中,画出 y=∣2x+3∣y = |2x + 3| 和 y=−2x2−8x−3y = -2x^2 - 8x - 3 的图像。
(你不需要标出任何轴交点和驻点。)
精确求解不等式 ∣2x+3∣>−2x2−8x−3|2x + 3| > -2x^2 - 8x - 3。

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完整解法

2(i)

1. Determine the shape and vertex of $y = |2x + 3|$.

The graph of y=∣2x+3∣y = |2x + 3| is a V-shaped curve opening upwards.
Its vertex (minimum point) occurs where the expression inside the modulus is zero:
2x+3=0  ⟹  x=−1.52x + 3 = 0 \implies x = -1.5
Thus, the vertex is at (−1.5,0)(-1.5, 0).

2. Determine the shape and vertex of $y = -2x^2 - 8x - 3$.

The graph of y=−2x2−8x−3y = -2x^2 - 8x - 3 is a parabola opening downwards (since the coefficient of x2x^2 is −2-2, which is negative).
The xx-coordinate of its maximum point is given by x=−b2ax = -\frac{b}{2a}:
x=−−82(−2)=−2x = -\frac{-8}{2(-2)} = -2
The corresponding yy-coordinate is:
y=−2(−2)2−8(−2)−3=−8+16−3=5y = -2(-2)^2 - 8(-2) - 3 = -8 + 16 - 3 = 5
Thus, the vertex of the parabola is at (−2,5)(-2, 5).

3. Determine the points of intersection to establish relative positions.

Set the equations equal to find the intersections:
∣2x+3∣=−2x2−8x−3|2x + 3| = -2x^2 - 8x - 3

Case 1 (x≥−1.5x \ge -1.5):
2x+3=−2x2−8x−32x + 3 = -2x^2 - 8x - 3
2x2+10x+6=0  ⟹  x2+5x+3=02x^2 + 10x + 6 = 0 \implies x^2 + 5x + 3 = 0
x=−5±25−122=−5±132x = \frac{-5 \pm \sqrt{25 - 12}}{2} = \frac{-5 \pm \sqrt{13}}{2}
Since x≥−1.5x \ge -1.5, we accept x=−5+132≈−0.70x = \frac{-5 + \sqrt{13}}{2} \approx -0.70.

Case 2 (x<−1.5x < -1.5):
−(2x+3)=−2x2−8x−3-(2x + 3) = -2x^2 - 8x - 3
2x2+6x=0  ⟹  2x(x+3)=02x^2 + 6x = 0 \implies 2x(x + 3) = 0
Since x<−1.5x < -1.5, we accept x=−3x = -3.

The graphs intersect at two distinct points: x=−3x = -3 and x≈−0.70x \approx -0.70.

4. Sketch both graphs on the same axes.

Draw the coordinate axes.

  • Sketch the V-shaped graph of y=∣2x+3∣y = |2x + 3| touching the negative xx-axis.
  • Sketch the inverted parabola y=−2x2−8x−3y = -2x^2 - 8x - 3 with its maximum point to the left of the V-shape's vertex.
  • Ensure the parabola crosses the V-shaped graph at exactly two points.
    (As per the instructions, no labels for axial intercepts or stationary points are required.)
答案

[A properly drawn sketch on Cartesian axes showing a V-shaped graph opening upwards with its vertex on the negative xx-axis, and an inverted parabola with its vertex in the second quadrant. The parabola must intersect the V-shaped graph at exactly two points.]

2(ii)

1. Find the intersection points by considering the positive case of the modulus.

To find where the graphs intersect, we solve ∣2x+3∣=−2x2−8x−3|2x + 3| = -2x^2 - 8x - 3.

For 2x+3≥02x + 3 \ge 0 (i.e., x≥−1.5x \ge -1.5):
2x+3=−2x2−8x−32x + 3 = -2x^2 - 8x - 3
2x2+10x+6=02x^2 + 10x + 6 = 0
x2+5x+3=0x^2 + 5x + 3 = 0
Using the quadratic formula:
x=−5±52−4(1)(3)2=−5±132x = \frac{-5 \pm \sqrt{5^2 - 4(1)(3)}}{2} = \frac{-5 \pm \sqrt{13}}{2}
Since x≥−1.5x \ge -1.5, we reject x=−5−132x = \frac{-5 - \sqrt{13}}{2} (which is ≈−4.3\approx -4.3), leaving x=−5+132x = \frac{-5 + \sqrt{13}}{2}.

2. Find the intersection points by considering the negative case of the modulus.

For 2x+3<02x + 3 < 0 (i.e., x<−1.5x < -1.5):
−(2x+3)=−2x2−8x−3-(2x + 3) = -2x^2 - 8x - 3
−2x−3=−2x2−8x−3-2x - 3 = -2x^2 - 8x - 3
2x2+6x=02x^2 + 6x = 0
2x(x+3)=02x(x + 3) = 0
x=0 or x=−3x = 0 \text{ or } x = -3
Since x<−1.5x < -1.5, we reject x=0x = 0, leaving x=−3x = -3.

3. Use the graphical representation to determine the final solution intervals.

The inequality ∣2x+3∣>−2x2−8x−3|2x + 3| > -2x^2 - 8x - 3 requires the graph of y=∣2x+3∣y = |2x + 3| to be above the graph of y=−2x2−8x−3y = -2x^2 - 8x - 3.

Referring to the sketch from part (i), the V-shaped modulus graph opens upwards, and the quadratic graph is an inverted parabola. The V-shape lies strictly above the parabola for xx-values outside the interval bounded by the intersection points.

Therefore, the solution to the inequality is:
x<−3 or x>−5+132x < -3 \text{ or } x > \frac{-5 + \sqrt{13}}{2}

答案

x<−3 or x>−5+132x < -3 \text{ or } x > \frac{-5 + \sqrt{13}}{2}

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