It is given that y=(x−2)(2x−5)3y = (x - 2)(2x - 5)^3.

  1. (a)

    Obtain an expression for dydx\frac{dy}{dx} in the form (ax+b)(2x−5)2(ax + b)(2x - 5)^2, where aa and bb are integers.

  2. (b)

    Determine the values of xx for which yy is a decreasing function.

  3. (c)

    The variables xx and yy are such that, when x=3x = 3, yy is increasing at a rate of 0.35 units per second.

    Find the rate of change of xx when x=3x = 3.

  4. (d)

    It is given further that the variable zz is such that z=y2z = y^2.

    Show that, when x=3x = 3, zz is increasing at twice the rate of yy.

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Worked solution

6(a)

1. Differentiate the function using the product rule and chain rule.

Let y=(x−2)(2x−5)3y = (x - 2)(2x - 5)^3.
Using the product rule ddx(uv)=udvdx+vdudx\frac{d}{dx}(uv) = u\frac{dv}{dx} + v\frac{du}{dx}:
dydx=(x−2)⋅ddx[(2x−5)3]+(2x−5)3⋅ddx(x−2)\frac{dy}{dx} = (x - 2) \cdot \frac{d}{dx}[(2x - 5)^3] + (2x - 5)^3 \cdot \frac{d}{dx}(x - 2)
dydx=(x−2)[3(2x−5)2(2)]+(2x−5)3(1)\frac{dy}{dx} = (x - 2)[3(2x - 5)^2(2)] + (2x - 5)^3(1)
dydx=6(x−2)(2x−5)2+(2x−5)3\frac{dy}{dx} = 6(x - 2)(2x - 5)^2 + (2x - 5)^3

2. Factorise the expression to obtain the required form.

Factor out the common term (2x−5)2(2x - 5)^2:
dydx=(2x−5)2[6(x−2)+(2x−5)]\frac{dy}{dx} = (2x - 5)^2 [6(x - 2) + (2x - 5)]
dydx=(2x−5)2(6x−12+2x−5)\frac{dy}{dx} = (2x - 5)^2 (6x - 12 + 2x - 5)
dydx=(2x−5)2(8x−17)\frac{dy}{dx} = (2x - 5)^2 (8x - 17)
dydx=(8x−17)(2x−5)2\frac{dy}{dx} = (8x - 17)(2x - 5)^2

Answer

(8x−17)(2x−5)2(8x - 17)(2x - 5)^2

6(b)

1. State the condition for a decreasing function and use the derivative from part (a)

From part (a), dydx=(8x−17)(2x−5)2\frac{dy}{dx} = (8x - 17)(2x - 5)^2.
For yy to be a decreasing function, dydx<0\frac{dy}{dx} < 0.
(8x−17)(2x−5)2<0(8x - 17)(2x - 5)^2 < 0

2. Solve the inequality

Since (2x−5)2≥0(2x - 5)^2 \ge 0 for all real xx, the inequality holds when:
8x−17<08x - 17 < 0
8x<178x < 17
x<178x < \frac{17}{8}

Answer

x<178x < \frac{17}{8}

6(c)

1. Find the value of $\frac{dy}{dx}$ when $x = 3$ using the expression from part (a)

From part (a), dydx=(8x−17)(2x−5)2\frac{dy}{dx} = (8x - 17)(2x - 5)^2.
When x=3x = 3,
dydx=(8(3)−17)(2(3)−5)2\frac{dy}{dx} = (8(3) - 17)(2(3) - 5)^2
dydx=(24−17)(6−5)2\frac{dy}{dx} = (24 - 17)(6 - 5)^2
dydx=7(1)2=7\frac{dy}{dx} = 7(1)^2 = 7

2. Use the chain rule to relate the rates of change

By the chain rule for connected rates of change:
dydt=dydx×dxdt\frac{dy}{dt} = \frac{dy}{dx} \times \frac{dx}{dt}

3. Substitute known values to find $\frac{dx}{dt}$

Given dydt=0.35\frac{dy}{dt} = 0.35 when x=3x = 3:
0.35=7×dxdt0.35 = 7 \times \frac{dx}{dt}
dxdt=0.357=0.05\frac{dx}{dt} = \frac{0.35}{7} = 0.05

Answer

0.050.05 units per second

6(d)

1. Differentiate $z$ with respect to $t$ using the chain rule

Given z=y2z = y^2, differentiating with respect to tt gives:
dzdt=2ydydt\frac{dz}{dt} = 2y \frac{dy}{dt}

2. Evaluate $y$ when $x = 3$ and substitute to find the relationship between the rates

When x=3x = 3,
y=(3−2)(2(3)−5)3=(1)(1)3=1y = (3 - 2)(2(3) - 5)^3 = (1)(1)^3 = 1
Substitute y=1y = 1 into the rate equation:
dzdt=2(1)dydt\frac{dz}{dt} = 2(1) \frac{dy}{dt}
dzdt=2dydt\frac{dz}{dt} = 2 \frac{dy}{dt}
Thus, when x=3x = 3, zz is increasing at twice the rate of yy.

Answer

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