Explain why 3x2+15x+203x^2+15x+20 cannot be smaller than 1.

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Worked solution

3

1. Complete the square for the given quadratic expression.

3x2+15x+203x^2 + 15x + 20
=3(x2+5x)+20= 3\left(x^2 + 5x\right) + 20
=3[(x+52)2−(52)2]+20= 3\left[\left(x + \frac{5}{2}\right)^2 - \left(\frac{5}{2}\right)^2\right] + 20
=3(x+52)2−3(254)+20= 3\left(x + \frac{5}{2}\right)^2 - 3\left(\frac{25}{4}\right) + 20
=3(x+52)2−754+804= 3\left(x + \frac{5}{2}\right)^2 - \frac{75}{4} + \frac{80}{4}
=3(x+52)2+54= 3\left(x + \frac{5}{2}\right)^2 + \frac{5}{4}

2. Use the completed square form to deduce the minimum value and conclude.

Since (x+52)2⩾0\left(x + \frac{5}{2}\right)^2 \geqslant 0 for all real values of xx,
3(x+52)2+54⩾543\left(x + \frac{5}{2}\right)^2 + \frac{5}{4} \geqslant \frac{5}{4}
The minimum value of the expression is 54\frac{5}{4} (or 1.251.25).
Since 1.25>11.25 > 1, the expression 3x2+15x+203x^2 + 15x + 20 cannot be smaller than 1.

Answer

By completing the square, the minimum value of the expression is 1.251.25. Since 1.25>11.25 > 1, the expression cannot be smaller than 1.

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