A curve CC has equation y=1−1xy = 1 - \frac{1}{x}, where x≠0x \ne 0. The line ll is the tangent to CC at x=ax = a, where aa is positive integer. Show that the equation of ll may be expressed in the form a2y−x=a2−2aa^2 y - x = a^2 - 2a.

  1. Find the value of aa for which ll is parallel to the line 9y−x=19y - x = 1. Hence find the equation of ll in this case.

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Worked solution

(a)

1. 对曲线方程求导得到切线斜率,并求出切点坐标

已知曲线方程为 y=1−x−1y = 1 - x^{-1}。
对 xx 求导得:
dydx=1x2\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = \frac{1}{x^2}
当 x=ax = a 时,切线 ll 的斜率为 m=1a2m = \frac{1}{a^2}。
切点的坐标为 (a,1−1a)\left(a, 1 - \frac{1}{a}\right)。

2. 利用点斜式建立切线方程,并化简为目标形式

由点斜式,切线 ll 的方程为:
y−(1−1a)=1a2(x−a)y - \left(1 - \frac{1}{a}\right) = \frac{1}{a^2}(x - a)
方程两边同乘以 a2a^2 得:
a2y−a2(1−1a)=x−aa^2 y - a^2\left(1 - \frac{1}{a}\right) = x - a
a2y−(a2−a)=x−aa^2 y - (a^2 - a) = x - a
a2y−x=a2−2aa^2 y - x = a^2 - 2a
证毕。

Answer

已证明切线方程为 a2y−x=a2−2aa^2 y - x = a^2 - 2a。

(b)

1. 利用平行线斜率相等的条件求解 $a$ 的值

将直线 9y−x=19y - x = 1 改写为斜截式 y=19x+19y = \frac{1}{9}x + \frac{1}{9},可知其斜率为 19\frac{1}{9}。
切线 ll 的斜率为 1a2\frac{1}{a^2}。
因为切线 ll 与该直线平行,所以它们的斜率相等:
1a2=19  ⟹  a2=9\frac{1}{a^2} = \frac{1}{9} \implies a^2 = 9
解得 a=3a = 3 或 a=−3a = -3。
由于 aa 为正整数,舍去 a=−3a = -3,得 a=3a = 3。

2. 复用 (a) 的结论求出切线 $l$ 的具体方程

将 a=3a = 3 代入 (a) 中求得的切线方程 a2y−x=a2−2aa^2 y - x = a^2 - 2a:
32y−x=32−2(3)3^2 y - x = 3^2 - 2(3)
9y−x=39y - x = 3
(或化为 y=19x+13y = \frac{1}{9}x + \frac{1}{3})。

Answer

a=3a = 3,切线方程为 9y−x=39y - x = 3(或 y=19x+13y = \frac{1}{9}x + \frac{1}{3})。

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