The graph shows the curve CC with equation y=x2y = x^2 and the line LL with equation y=2x−1y = 2x-1. The line LL is tangent to CC at (1,1)(1,1). The region RR located in the first quadrant is bounded by the curve CC, the line LL and the xx-axis.

  1. (a)

    Find the area of region RR, giving your answer in exact form.

  2. (b)

    The region R is rotated one complete revolution around the xx-axis. Find the volume of this solid of revolution, giving your answer in exact form.

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Worked solution

(a)

1. 求直线 $L$ 与 $x$ 轴交点的横坐标

令 y=0y = 0,解直线方程 2x−1=02x - 1 = 0,得:
x=12x = \frac{1}{2}
因此直线 LL 与 xx 轴交于点 (12,0)\left(\frac{1}{2}, 0\right)。

2. 列出表示区域 $R$ 面积的表达式

区域 RR 的面积等于曲线 CC 在 [0,1][0, 1] 区间下方的面积减去直线 LL 在 [12,1]\left[\frac{1}{2}, 1\right] 区间下方的三角形面积:
面积 A=∫01x2 dx−∫1/21(2x−1) dx\text{面积 } A = \int_{0}^{1} x^2 \, dx - \int_{1/2}^{1} (2x - 1) \, dx

3. 计算定积分并求出区域 $R$ 的精确面积

计算曲线下方的面积:
∫01x2 dx=[x33]01=13\int_{0}^{1} x^2 \, dx = \left[ \frac{x^3}{3} \right]_{0}^{1} = \frac{1}{3}
计算直线下方的三角形面积:
∫1/21(2x−1) dx=12×(1−12)×1=14\int_{1/2}^{1} (2x - 1) \, dx = \frac{1}{2} \times \left(1 - \frac{1}{2}\right) \times 1 = \frac{1}{4}
因此区域 RR 的面积为:
A=13−14=112A = \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{12}

Answer

rac{1}{12}

(b)

1. 计算曲线 $C$ 绕 $x$ 轴旋转一周所得图形的体积 $V_1$

曲线 y=x2y = x^2 在 [0,1][0, 1] 上绕 xx 轴旋转形成的旋转体体积为:
V1=π∫01(x2)2 dx=π∫01x4 dx=π[x55]01=π5V_1 = \pi \int_{0}^{1} (x^2)^2 \, dx = \pi \int_{0}^{1} x^4 \, dx = \pi \left[ \frac{x^5}{5} \right]_{0}^{1} = \frac{\pi}{5}

2. 计算直线 $L$ 绕 $x$ 轴旋转一周所得圆锥的体积 $V_2$

直线 y=2x−1y = 2x - 1 在 [12,1]\left[\frac{1}{2}, 1\right] 上绕 xx 轴旋转形成底面半径为 11、高为 1−12=121 - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{2} 的圆锥,其体积为:
V2=π∫1/21(2x−1)2 dx=π[(2x−1)36]1/21=π6V_2 = \pi \int_{1/2}^{1} (2x - 1)^2 \, dx = \pi \left[ \frac{(2x - 1)^3}{6} \right]_{1/2}^{1} = \frac{\pi}{6}
(亦可用圆锥体积公式计算:V2=13πr2h=13π(1)2(12)=π6V_2 = \frac{1}{3} \pi r^2 h = \frac{1}{3} \pi (1)^2 \left(\frac{1}{2}\right) = \frac{\pi}{6})

3. 计算区域 $R$ 旋转所得旋转体的精确体积

区域 RR 绕 xx 轴旋转一周所得旋转体的体积为:
V=V1−V2=π5−π6=π30V = V_1 - V_2 = \frac{\pi}{5} - \frac{\pi}{6} = \frac{\pi}{30}

Answer

rac{\pi}{30}

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