The diagram shows part of the curve y=3x+4y = \sqrt{3x + 4}. The line ABAB is tangent to the curve at AA. The points BB and CC lie on the xx-axis, and CC is a point on the curve. The gradient of the tangent of the curve at AA is 32\frac{3}{2}. Find

  1. (i)

    the coordinates of AA and equation of the line ABAB.

  2. (ii)

    the coordinates of BB and of CC.

  3. (iii)

    the area of the shaded region ABCABC.

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Worked solution

12(i)

1. Find the derivative of the curve equation.

y=(3x+4)12y = (3x + 4)^{\frac{1}{2}}
dydx=12(3x+4)−12⋅3=323x+4\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{2}(3x + 4)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 3 = \frac{3}{2\sqrt{3x + 4}}

2. Equate the derivative to the given gradient to find the $x$-coordinate of $A$.

Given gradient is 32\frac{3}{2}:
323x+4=32\frac{3}{2\sqrt{3x + 4}} = \frac{3}{2}
3x+4=1\sqrt{3x + 4} = 1
3x+4=13x + 4 = 1
3x=−33x = -3
x=−1x = -1

3. Find the $y$-coordinate of $A$.

Substitute x=−1x = -1 into the curve equation:
y=3(−1)+4=1=1y = \sqrt{3(-1) + 4} = \sqrt{1} = 1
Coordinates of AA are (−1,1)(-1, 1).

4. Find the equation of the tangent line $AB$.

Using the point (−1,1)(-1, 1) and gradient m=32m = \frac{3}{2}:
y−1=32(x−(−1))y - 1 = \frac{3}{2}(x - (-1))
y−1=32(x+1)y - 1 = \frac{3}{2}(x + 1)
y=32x+32+1y = \frac{3}{2}x + \frac{3}{2} + 1
y=32x+52y = \frac{3}{2}x + \frac{5}{2}

Answer

Coordinates of AA: (−1,1)(-1, 1)
Equation of ABAB: y=32x+52y = \frac{3}{2}x + \frac{5}{2}

12(ii)

1. Concisely find the equation of the tangent line $AB$ (required from part i).

dydx=323x+4\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{3}{2\sqrt{3x+4}}
Given gradient is 32\frac{3}{2}:
323x+4=32  ⟹  3x+4=1  ⟹  3x+4=1  ⟹  x=−1\frac{3}{2\sqrt{3x+4}} = \frac{3}{2} \implies \sqrt{3x+4} = 1 \implies 3x+4 = 1 \implies x = -1
When x=−1x = -1, y=3(−1)+4=1y = \sqrt{3(-1)+4} = 1. So AA is (−1,1)(-1, 1).
Equation of ABAB: y−1=32(x−(−1))  ⟹  y=32x+52y - 1 = \frac{3}{2}(x - (-1)) \implies y = \frac{3}{2}x + \frac{5}{2}

2. Find the coordinates of $B$ by finding the $x$-intercept of the line $AB$.

At BB, y=0y = 0:
0=32x+520 = \frac{3}{2}x + \frac{5}{2}
32x=−52  ⟹  x=−53\frac{3}{2}x = -\frac{5}{2} \implies x = -\frac{5}{3}
Coordinates of BB are (−53,0)\left(-\frac{5}{3}, 0\right).

3. Find the coordinates of $C$ by finding the $x$-intercept of the curve.

At CC, y=0y = 0:
0=3x+40 = \sqrt{3x+4}
3x+4=0  ⟹  x=−433x + 4 = 0 \implies x = -\frac{4}{3}
Coordinates of CC are (−43,0)\left(-\frac{4}{3}, 0\right).

Answer

B(−53,0)B\left(-\frac{5}{3}, 0\right), C(−43,0)C\left(-\frac{4}{3}, 0\right)

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