The equation of a curve is y=xe2xy = \frac{x}{e^{2x}}.

  1. (a)

    Find an expression for dydx\frac{dy}{dx}.

  2. (b)

    Given that xx is changing at a constant rate of 0.18 units per second, find the rate of change of yy when x=1x = 1.

  3. (c)

    Explain if the curve has more than one stationary point.

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Worked solution

8(a)

1. Apply the quotient rule to differentiate the function

Let u=xu = x and v=e2xv = e^{2x}.
Then dudx=1\frac{du}{dx} = 1 and dvdx=2e2x\frac{dv}{dx} = 2e^{2x}.

dydx=vdudx−udvdxv2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{v \frac{du}{dx} - u \frac{dv}{dx}}{v^2}
dydx=e2x(1)−x(2e2x)(e2x)2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{e^{2x}(1) - x(2e^{2x})}{(e^{2x})^2}

2. Simplify the derivative expression

dydx=e2x(1−2x)e4x\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{e^{2x}(1 - 2x)}{e^{4x}}
dydx=1−2xe2x\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1 - 2x}{e^{2x}}

Answer

1−2xe2x\frac{1 - 2x}{e^{2x}}

8(b)

1. Evaluate the derivative $\frac{dy}{dx}$ at $x = 1$

From part (a), dydx=1−2xe2x\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1 - 2x}{e^{2x}}.
When x=1x = 1,
dydx=1−2(1)e2(1)=−1e2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1 - 2(1)}{e^{2(1)}} = -\frac{1}{e^2}

2. Use the chain rule to find the rate of change of $y$

dydt=dydx×dxdt\frac{dy}{dt} = \frac{dy}{dx} \times \frac{dx}{dt}
dydt=−1e2×0.18\frac{dy}{dt} = -\frac{1}{e^2} \times 0.18
dydt=−0.18e2≈−0.0244\frac{dy}{dt} = -\frac{0.18}{e^2} \approx -0.0244 (to 3 s.f.)

Answer

−0.18e2-\frac{0.18}{e^2} or −0.0244-0.0244 (to 3 s.f.)

8(c)

1. Set the derivative from part (a) to zero to find stationary points

For stationary points, dydx=0\frac{dy}{dx} = 0.
From part (a), dydx=e−2x(1−2x)\frac{dy}{dx} = e^{-2x}(1 - 2x).
e−2x(1−2x)=0e^{-2x}(1 - 2x) = 0

2. Solve the equation and explain the number of solutions

Since e−2x>0e^{-2x} > 0 for all real values of xx, e−2x≠0e^{-2x} \neq 0.
Therefore, 1−2x=0  ⟹  x=0.51 - 2x = 0 \implies x = 0.5.
Since there is only one solution for xx, the curve has exactly one stationary point.

Answer

No, the curve has only one stationary point because e−2x>0e^{-2x} > 0 for all real xx, leaving only one solution x=0.5x = 0.5.

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