A is the point (2,3) and B is the point (3,-5).

  1. (i)

    Find the equation of the line AB.

    Answer ...

  2. (ii)

    Find the length of AB.

    Answer ...

  3. (iii)

    BC→=(−43)\overrightarrow{BC} = \begin{pmatrix} -4 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}.

    Find the coordinates of point C.

    Answer C (..., ...)

  4. (b)

    OABC is a parallelogram.
    OA→=2a\overrightarrow{OA}=2a and OC→=3c\overrightarrow{OC}=3c.
    M is the midpoint of BC.
    T is the point on OB such that OT:TB=2:1OT:TB=2:1.

    1. (i)

      Find OB→\overrightarrow{OB} in terms of a and c.

      Answer OB→=\overrightarrow{OB}=\rule{6cm}{0.4pt}

    2. (ii)

      Find OT→\overrightarrow{OT} in terms of a and c.

      Answer OT→=\overrightarrow{OT}=\rule{6cm}{0.4pt}

    3. (iii)

      Determine if the points A, T and M lie on a straight line.

      Answer

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Worked solution

5 (a)(i)

1. Find the gradient of AB.

For A(2,3)A(2,3) and B(3,−5)B(3,-5),
m=−5−33−2=−81=−8.m=\frac{-5-3}{3-2}=\frac{-8}{1}=-8.

2. Use $y=mx+c$ and one point to find the equation.

Using y=mx+cy=mx+c with m=−8m=-8 and point (2,3)(2,3),
3=−8(2)+c3=-8(2)+c
3=−16+c3=-16+c
c=19.c=19.
Therefore,
y=−8x+19.y=-8x+19.

Answer

y=−8x+19y=-8x+19

5 (a)(ii)

1. Substitute the coordinates into the distance formula.

For A(2,3)A(2,3) and B(3,−5)B(3,-5),

AB=(3−2)2+(−5−3)2AB=\sqrt{(3-2)^2+(-5-3)^2}

2. Evaluate the length exactly.

AB=12+(−8)2AB=\sqrt{1^2+(-8)^2}

AB=1+64=65AB=\sqrt{1+64}=\sqrt{65}

Answer

65\sqrt{65}

5 (a)(iii)

1. Interpret the vector from B to C as a displacement.

B=(3,−5)B=(3,-5) and
BC→=(−43).\overrightarrow{BC}=\begin{pmatrix}-4\\3\end{pmatrix}.
So from BB to CC, move −4-4 in the xx-direction and +3+3 in the yy-direction.

2. Add the displacement to the coordinates of B to find C.

C=(3+(−4), −5+3)C=(3+(-4),\,-5+3)
C=(−1,−2).C=(-1,-2).

Answer

C(−1,−2)C(-1,-2)

5 (a)(b)(i)

1. Express the diagonal vector of the parallelogram as the sum of the two adjacent side vectors.

In parallelogram OABCOABC,
OB→=OA→+OC→.\overrightarrow{OB}=\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{OC}.
Given OA→=2a\overrightarrow{OA}=2\mathbf{a} and OC→=3c\overrightarrow{OC}=3\mathbf{c},
OB→=2a+3c.\overrightarrow{OB}=2\mathbf{a}+3\mathbf{c}.

Answer

OB→=2a+3c\overrightarrow{OB}=2\mathbf{a}+3\mathbf{c}

5 (a)(b)(ii)

1. Use the ratio $OT:TB=2:1$ to find the fraction of $\overrightarrow{OB}$ represented by $\overrightarrow{OT}$.

Since OT:TB=2:1OT:TB=2:1, point TT is 23\dfrac{2}{3} of the way from OO to BB.

Using OB→=2a+3c\overrightarrow{OB}=2\mathbf{a}+3\mathbf{c},
OT→=23OB→=23(2a+3c)=43a+2c.\overrightarrow{OT}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{OB}=\frac{2}{3}(2\mathbf{a}+3\mathbf{c})=\frac{4}{3}\mathbf{a}+2\mathbf{c}.

Answer

OT→=43a+2c\overrightarrow{OT}=\dfrac{4}{3}\mathbf{a}+2\mathbf{c}

5 (a)(b)(iii)

1. Find the position vector of M using the midpoint of BC.

Since MM is the midpoint of BCBC,

OM→=12(OB→+OC→)\overrightarrow{OM}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{OB}+\overrightarrow{OC}\right)

Using OB→=2a+3c\overrightarrow{OB}=2\mathbf a+3\mathbf c and OC→=3c\overrightarrow{OC}=3\mathbf c,

OM→=12(2a+3c+3c)\overrightarrow{OM}=\frac{1}{2}(2\mathbf a+3\mathbf c+3\mathbf c)

OM→=a+3c\overrightarrow{OM}=\mathbf a+3\mathbf c

2. Express vectors from A to T and from A to M.

Given OA→=2a\overrightarrow{OA}=2\mathbf a and from the earlier part,

OT→=43a+2c\overrightarrow{OT}=\frac{4}{3}\mathbf a+2\mathbf c

Then

AT→=OT→−OA→\overrightarrow{AT}=\overrightarrow{OT}-\overrightarrow{OA}

=(43a+2c)−2a=\left(\frac{4}{3}\mathbf a+2\mathbf c\right)-2\mathbf a

=−23a+2c=-\frac{2}{3}\mathbf a+2\mathbf c

Also,

AM→=OM→−OA→\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{OM}-\overrightarrow{OA}

=(a+3c)−2a=(\mathbf a+3\mathbf c)-2\mathbf a

=−a+3c=-\mathbf a+3\mathbf c

3. Check whether the vectors are parallel and conclude collinearity.

Compare AT→\overrightarrow{AT} and AM→\overrightarrow{AM}:

23AM→=23(−a+3c)\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AM}=\frac{2}{3}(-\mathbf a+3\mathbf c)

=−23a+2c=-\frac{2}{3}\mathbf a+2\mathbf c

=AT→=\overrightarrow{AT}

Hence AT→\overrightarrow{AT} is a scalar multiple of AM→\overrightarrow{AM}. Therefore, A, T and M lie on a straight line.

Answer

Yes. Since AT→=23AM→\overrightarrow{AT}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AM}, the points A, T and M lie on a straight line.

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