y=x34−2x+3y = \dfrac{x^3}{4} - 2x + 3.

  1. (a)

    Complete the table of values for y=x34−2x+3y = \dfrac{x^3}{4} - 2x + 3.

  2. (b)

    On the grid opposite, draw the graph of y=x34−2x+3y = \dfrac{x^3}{4} - 2x + 3 for −4≤x≤4-4 \le x \le 4.

  3. (c)

    Explain how your graph shows that there is only one solution of the equation x34−2x+3=0\dfrac{x^3}{4} - 2x + 3 = 0.

    ...

  4. (d)

    The equation x3−10x+4=0x^3 - 10x + 4 = 0 can be solved by finding the points of intersection of the straight line y=ax+by = ax + b and the curve y=x34−2x+3y = \dfrac{x^3}{4} - 2x + 3.

    1. (i)

      Find the value of aa and the value of bb.

      Answer a=a = ...

      b=b = ...

    2. (ii)

      By drawing the line y=ax+by = ax + b, solve the equation x3−10x+4=0x^3 - 10x + 4 = 0.

      Answer x=x = ... or ... or ...

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Worked solution

3(a)

1. Find the missing table value by substituting $x=-4$ into the formula.

For x=−4x=-4,
y=(−4)34−2(−4)+3y=\frac{(-4)^3}{4}-2(-4)+3
=−644+8+3=\frac{-64}{4}+8+3
=−16+8+3=−5=-16+8+3=-5

Answer

The missing value is −5-5.

Completed entry: when x=−4x=-4, y=−5y=-5.

3(b)

1. Use the completed table values as coordinates for plotting.

From the table,

x−4−3−2−101234y−52.2554.7531.2513.7511\begin{array}{c|ccccccccc} x&-4&-3&-2&-1&0&1&2&3&4\\ \hline y&-5&2.25&5&4.75&3&1.25&1&3.75&11 \end{array}

So the points to plot are
(−4,−5), (−3,2.25), (−2,5), (−1,4.75), (0,3), (1,1.25), (2,1), (3,3.75), (4,11).(-4,-5),\ (-3,2.25),\ (-2,5),\ (-1,4.75),\ (0,3),\ (1,1.25),\ (2,1),\ (3,3.75),\ (4,11).

2. Plot all the points accurately on the given grid.

Plot each coordinate pair on the grid, using the given scales on the xx-axis and yy-axis. For example, (−4,−5)(-4,-5) is 4 units left of the origin and 5 units below the origin, while (4,11)(4,11) is 4 units right of the origin and 11 units above the origin.

3. Join the plotted points with a smooth curve over the stated domain.

Join the plotted points with a smooth curve, not with straight line segments, from x=−4x=-4 to x=4x=4. The curve should pass through all plotted points and have the general cubic shape implied by
y=x34−2x+3.y=\frac{x^3}{4}-2x+3.

Answer

A smooth cubic curve drawn through the points
(−4,−5), (−3,2.25), (−2,5), (−1,4.75), (0,3), (1,1.25), (2,1), (3,3.75), (4,11).(-4,-5),\ (-3,2.25),\ (-2,5),\ (-1,4.75),\ (0,3),\ (1,1.25),\ (2,1),\ (3,3.75),\ (4,11).

3(c)

1. Explain the graphical meaning of the solution and count the x-intercepts.

The solutions of x34−2x+3=0\dfrac{x^3}{4}-2x+3=0 are the points where the graph of y=x34−2x+3y=\dfrac{x^3}{4}-2x+3 has y=0y=0, i.e. where it cuts the xx-axis. From the graph, the curve cuts the xx-axis only once.

Answer

The curve crosses the xx-axis only once, so x34−2x+3=0\dfrac{x^3}{4}-2x+3=0 has only one solution.

3(d)(i)

1. Write the equation formed when the line intersects the curve.

At the points of intersection,
x34−2x+3=ax+b.\frac{x^3}{4}-2x+3=ax+b.
Rearranging,
x34−(2+a)x+(3−b)=0.\frac{x^3}{4}-(2+a)x+(3-b)=0.

2. Match coefficients with the given cubic equation to find $a$ and $b$.

The given equation is
x3−10x+4=0.x^3-10x+4=0.
Divide by 44 so that the coefficient of x3x^3 matches:
x34−52x+1=0.\frac{x^3}{4}-\frac{5}{2}x+1=0.
Compare with
x34−(2+a)x+(3−b)=0.\frac{x^3}{4}-(2+a)x+(3-b)=0.
So
2+a=52⇒a=12,2+a=\frac{5}{2} \quad\Rightarrow\quad a=\frac{1}{2},
and
3−b=1⇒b=2.3-b=1 \quad\Rightarrow\quad b=2.

Answer

a=12a=\dfrac{1}{2}

b=2b=2

3(d)(ii)

1. Use the values of $a$ and $b$ from part (d)(i) to identify the straight line to draw.

From part (d)(i),
a=12,b=2.a=\frac12,\qquad b=2.
So the required line is
y=12x+2.y=\frac12x+2.

2. Draw the straight line accurately on the same axes as the curve.

Choose two convenient points on
y=12x+2.y=\frac12x+2.
For example,
x=0⇒y=2,x=0 \Rightarrow y=2,
x=4⇒y=4.x=4 \Rightarrow y=4.
Draw the straight line through (0,2)(0,2) and (4,4)(4,4) on the same graph as the curve.

3. Read off the $x$-coordinates of the intersection points.

The solutions of
x3−10x+4=0x^3-10x+4=0
are the xx-coordinates where the line
y=12x+2y=\frac12x+2
intersects the curve
y=x34−2x+3.y=\frac{x^3}{4}-2x+3.
Reading from the graph gives approximately
x=−3.35,x=0.41,x=2.94.x=-3.35,\quad x=0.41,\quad x=2.94.

Answer

x≈−3.35x \approx -3.35 or 0.410.41 or 2.942.94

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