Answer all the questions A curve has an equation y=2x2x+1y = 2x\sqrt{2x+1}.

  1. (a)

    Show that dydx=ax+b2x+1\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{ax+b}{\sqrt{2x+1}}, where aa and bb are positive integers.

  2. (b)

    Hence, find ∫3x+12x+1 dx\int \frac{3x+1}{\sqrt{2x+1}} \, dx.

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Worked solution

(a)

1. 应用乘积法则和链式法则展开求导

设 y=2x(2x+1)12y = 2x (2x+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}。
利用乘积法则 ddx(uv)=u′v+uv′\frac{d}{dx}(uv) = u'v + uv':
dydx=ddx(2x)⋅(2x+1)12+2x⋅ddx((2x+1)12)\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{d}{dx}(2x) \cdot (2x+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} + 2x \cdot \frac{d}{dx}\left((2x+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)
=22x+1+2x⋅[12(2x+1)−12⋅2]= 2\sqrt{2x+1} + 2x \cdot \left[\frac{1}{2}(2x+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2\right]
=22x+1+2x2x+1= 2\sqrt{2x+1} + \frac{2x}{\sqrt{2x+1}}

2. 通分化简为目标形式并确定常数 $a$ 和 $b$

将两项通分,公分母为 2x+1\sqrt{2x+1}:
dydx=2(2x+1)+2x2x+1=4x+2+2x2x+1=6x+22x+1\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{2(2x+1) + 2x}{\sqrt{2x+1}} = \frac{4x + 2 + 2x}{\sqrt{2x+1}} = \frac{6x + 2}{\sqrt{2x+1}}
此式即符合 ax+b2x+1\frac{ax+b}{\sqrt{2x+1}} 的形式,其中正整数 a=6a = 6,b=2b = 2。

Answer

已证明 dydx=6x+22x+1\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{6x+2}{\sqrt{2x+1}}(其中 a=6a=6, b=2b=2)

(b)

1. 利用第一问的求导结果建立积分等式

由 (a) 问可知,ddx(2x2x+1)=6x+22x+1\frac{d}{dx}\left(2x\sqrt{2x+1}\right) = \frac{6x+2}{\sqrt{2x+1}}。
根据积分是微分的逆运算:
∫6x+22x+1 dx=2x2x+1+C′\int \frac{6x+2}{\sqrt{2x+1}} \, dx = 2x\sqrt{2x+1} + C'

2. 将目标被积函数与前问结果建立比例关系并求解积分

观察被积函数,发现 6x+2=2(3x+1)6x+2 = 2(3x+1),因此:
∫3x+12x+1 dx=12∫6x+22x+1 dx\int \frac{3x+1}{\sqrt{2x+1}} \, dx = \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{6x+2}{\sqrt{2x+1}} \, dx
=12(2x2x+1)+C= \frac{1}{2} \left(2x\sqrt{2x+1}\right) + C
=x2x+1+C= x\sqrt{2x+1} + C

Answer

x2x+1+Cx\sqrt{2x+1} + C

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