曲线方程由下式给出:
Ax2+By2+Cx+Dy+13=0Ax^2 + By^2 + Cx + Dy + 13 = 0
其中 AA、BB、CC 和 DD 为常数。

  1. (i)

    用 xx 和 yy 表示 dydx\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}。

  2. (ii)

    该曲线在 (1,−1)(1, -1) 处有一个驻点,且曲线在 (3,−2)(3, -2) 处的切线平行于 yy 轴。

    求 AA、BB、CC 和 DD 的值。

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完整解法

6(i)

1. Differentiate the given equation implicitly with respect to $x$.

ddx(Ax2+By2+Cx+Dy+13)=ddx(0)\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}(Ax^2 + By^2 + Cx + Dy + 13) = \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}(0)
2Ax+2Bydydx+C+Ddydx=02Ax + 2By\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} + C + D\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = 0

2. Isolate the terms with $\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}$ and factorize.

2Bydydx+Ddydx=−2Ax−C2By\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} + D\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = -2Ax - C
(2By+D)dydx=−(2Ax+C)(2By + D)\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = -(2Ax + C)

3. Make $\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}$ the subject of the formula.

dydx=−(2Ax+C)2By+D\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = \frac{-(2Ax + C)}{2By + D}
dydx=−2Ax+C2By+D\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = -\frac{2Ax + C}{2By + D}

答案

−2Ax+C2By+D-\frac{2Ax + C}{2By + D}

6(ii)

1. Find the implicit derivative (from part i) and apply the stationary point condition to find a relationship between $A$ and $C$.

First, we find dydx\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} as required from the earlier part. Differentiating Ax2+By2+Cx+Dy+13=0Ax^2 + By^2 + Cx + Dy + 13 = 0 implicitly with respect to xx gives:
2Ax+2Bydydx+C+Ddydx=02Ax + 2By \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} + C + D \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = 0
dydx(2By+D)=−(2Ax+C)\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}(2By + D) = -(2Ax + C)
dydx=−2Ax+C2By+D\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = -\frac{2Ax + C}{2By + D}
At the stationary point (1,−1)(1, -1), dydx=0\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = 0. Setting the numerator to 00:
2A(1)+C=0  ⟹  C=−2A2A(1) + C = 0 \implies C = -2A

2. Apply the condition for a tangent parallel to the $y$-axis to find a relationship between $B$ and $D$.

At (3,−2)(3, -2), the tangent is parallel to the yy-axis, meaning the gradient dydx\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} is undefined. Setting the denominator to 00:
2B(−2)+D=0  ⟹  −4B+D=0  ⟹  D=4B2B(-2) + D = 0 \implies -4B + D = 0 \implies D = 4B

3. Substitute both points into the curve's equation to form a system of equations in $A$ and $B$.

Since (1,−1)(1, -1) lies on the curve:
A(1)2+B(−1)2+C(1)+D(−1)+13=0A(1)^2 + B(-1)^2 + C(1) + D(-1) + 13 = 0
A+B+C−D+13=0A + B + C - D + 13 = 0
Substitute C=−2AC = -2A and D=4BD = 4B:
A+B−2A−4B+13=0A + B - 2A - 4B + 13 = 0
−A−3B+13=0  ⟹  A=13−3B— (1)-A - 3B + 13 = 0 \implies A = 13 - 3B \quad \text{--- (1)}

Since (3,−2)(3, -2) lies on the curve:
A(3)2+B(−2)2+C(3)+D(−2)+13=0A(3)^2 + B(-2)^2 + C(3) + D(-2) + 13 = 0
9A+4B+3C−2D+13=09A + 4B + 3C - 2D + 13 = 0
Substitute C=−2AC = -2A and D=4BD = 4B:
9A+4B+3(−2A)−2(4B)+13=09A + 4B + 3(-2A) - 2(4B) + 13 = 0
9A+4B−6A−8B+13=09A + 4B - 6A - 8B + 13 = 0
3A−4B+13=0— (2)3A - 4B + 13 = 0 \quad \text{--- (2)}

4. Solve the system of linear equations to find the values of $A, B, C$, and $D$.

Substitute (1) into (2):
3(13−3B)−4B+13=03(13 - 3B) - 4B + 13 = 0
39−9B−4B+13=039 - 9B - 4B + 13 = 0
52−13B=0  ⟹  B=452 - 13B = 0 \implies B = 4

Substitute B=4B = 4 back into (1):
A=13−3(4)=1A = 13 - 3(4) = 1

Using our earlier expressions to find CC and DD:
C=−2(1)=−2C = -2(1) = -2
D=4(4)=16D = 4(4) = 16

答案

A=1A = 1, B=4B = 4, C=−2C = -2, D=16D = 16

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