- (a)
求 。
- (b)
利用换元法 ,求 。
- (c)
求 的值,并给出精确形式的答案。
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完整解法
2(a)
1. Factorise the denominator to match the standard integration form $\frac{1}{a^2 - x^2}$.
2. Apply the standard formula $\int \frac{1}{a^2 - x^2} \text{ d}x = \frac{1}{2a} \ln \left| \frac{a+x}{a-x} \right| + C$ with $a = \frac{3}{2}$.
3. Simplify the coefficient and the fraction within the logarithm.
2(b)
1. Find the differential $dx$ in terms of $\theta$.
Given , squaring both sides gives .
Differentiating with respect to :
2. Substitute into the integral and simplify.
Using the identity :
3. Integrate using the double angle identity.
Using , we can rewrite as :
4. Back-substitute to express the answer in terms of $x$.
From , we have .
We also need , which is .
Substituting these expressions back:
2(c)
1. Apply integration by parts for the first time.
Let
Let
2. Apply integration by parts a second time to evaluate $\int x \ln x \text{ d}x$.
Let
Let
3. Combine the results and substitute the limits $1$ and $\text{e}$ to find the exact value.
Substitute the upper limit and lower limit :
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