求

  1. (a)

    ∫3ex5−0.3ex dx\displaystyle \int \frac{3e^x}{5 - 0.3e^x} \, dx

  2. (b)

    ∫cos⁡(ln⁡x) dx\displaystyle \int \cos(\ln x) \, dx,其中 x>0x > 0

  3. (c)

    ∫03∣2ex−5∣ dx\displaystyle \int_0^3 |2e^x - 5| \, dx 的精确值。

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完整解法

6(a)

1. Rewrite the integral so the numerator is the exact derivative of the denominator.

∫3ex5−0.3ex dx=−10∫−0.3ex5−0.3ex dx\int \frac{3e^x}{5 - 0.3e^x} \, dx = -10 \int \frac{-0.3e^x}{5 - 0.3e^x} \, dx

2. Integrate using the standard form $\int \frac{f'(x)}{f(x)} \, dx = \ln|f(x)| + c$.

=−10ln⁡∣5−0.3ex∣+c= -10 \ln|5 - 0.3e^x| + c

答案

−10ln⁡∣5−0.3ex∣+c-10 \ln|5 - 0.3e^x| + c

6(b)

1. Apply integration by parts to the given integral.

∫cos⁡(ln⁡x) dx\int \cos(\ln x) \, dx
Let u=cos⁡(ln⁡x)u = \cos(\ln x) and dvdx=1\frac{dv}{dx} = 1.
Then using the chain rule, dudx=−sin⁡(ln⁡x)⋅1x\frac{du}{dx} = -\sin(\ln x) \cdot \frac{1}{x}, and v=xv = x.
Using the integration by parts formula ∫udvdx dx=uv−∫vdudx dx\int u \frac{dv}{dx} \, dx = uv - \int v \frac{du}{dx} \, dx:
∫cos⁡(ln⁡x) dx=xcos⁡(ln⁡x)−∫x(−sin⁡(ln⁡x)x) dx\int \cos(\ln x) \, dx = x \cos(\ln x) - \int x \left( -\frac{\sin(\ln x)}{x} \right) \, dx
=xcos⁡(ln⁡x)+∫sin⁡(ln⁡x) dx= x \cos(\ln x) + \int \sin(\ln x) \, dx

2. Apply integration by parts a second time to the new integral.

For ∫sin⁡(ln⁡x) dx\int \sin(\ln x) \, dx, let u=sin⁡(ln⁡x)u = \sin(\ln x) and dvdx=1\frac{dv}{dx} = 1.
Then dudx=cos⁡(ln⁡x)⋅1x\frac{du}{dx} = \cos(\ln x) \cdot \frac{1}{x} and v=xv = x.
Applying integration by parts again:
∫sin⁡(ln⁡x) dx=xsin⁡(ln⁡x)−∫x(cos⁡(ln⁡x)x) dx\int \sin(\ln x) \, dx = x \sin(\ln x) - \int x \left( \frac{\cos(\ln x)}{x} \right) \, dx
=xsin⁡(ln⁡x)−∫cos⁡(ln⁡x) dx= x \sin(\ln x) - \int \cos(\ln x) \, dx

3. Solve algebraically for the original integral.

Let I=∫cos⁡(ln⁡x) dxI = \int \cos(\ln x) \, dx.
Substituting the result from the second integration by parts into the first equation:
I=xcos⁡(ln⁡x)+(xsin⁡(ln⁡x)−I)I = x \cos(\ln x) + \left( x \sin(\ln x) - I \right)
2I=xcos⁡(ln⁡x)+xsin⁡(ln⁡x)2I = x \cos(\ln x) + x \sin(\ln x)
I=12x(cos⁡(ln⁡x)+sin⁡(ln⁡x))+CI = \frac{1}{2} x (\cos(\ln x) + \sin(\ln x)) + C
where CC is an arbitrary constant of integration.

答案

12x(cos⁡(ln⁡x)+sin⁡(ln⁡x))+C\frac{1}{2} x (\cos(\ln x) + \sin(\ln x)) + C

6(c)

1. Determine the root of the expression inside the modulus to split the integral.

2ex−5=02e^x - 5 = 0
ex=52e^x = \frac{5}{2}
x=ln⁡(52)x = \ln\left(\frac{5}{2}\right)

2. Set up the definite integrals using the definition of absolute value over the intervals.

For 0≤x<ln⁡(52)0 \leq x < \ln\left(\frac{5}{2}\right), 2ex−5<02e^x - 5 < 0.
For ln⁡(52)≤x≤3\ln\left(\frac{5}{2}\right) \leq x \leq 3, 2ex−5≥02e^x - 5 \geq 0.
∫03∣2ex−5∣ dx=∫0ln⁡(5/2)−(2ex−5) dx+∫ln⁡(5/2)3(2ex−5) dx\int_0^3 |2e^x - 5| \, dx = \int_0^{\ln(5/2)} -(2e^x - 5) \, dx + \int_{\ln(5/2)}^3 (2e^x - 5) \, dx

3. Integrate the expressions and substitute the limits.

=[5x−2ex]0ln⁡(5/2)+[2ex−5x]ln⁡(5/2)3= \left[ 5x - 2e^x \right]_0^{\ln(5/2)} + \left[ 2e^x - 5x \right]_{\ln(5/2)}^3
=(5ln⁡(52)−2eln⁡(5/2))−(0−2e0)+(2e3−15)−(2eln⁡(5/2)−5ln⁡(52))= \left( 5\ln\left(\frac{5}{2}\right) - 2e^{\ln(5/2)} \right) - (0 - 2e^0) + \left( 2e^3 - 15 \right) - \left( 2e^{\ln(5/2)} - 5\ln\left(\frac{5}{2}\right) \right)

4. Simplify to obtain the exact value.

Since eln⁡(5/2)=52e^{\ln(5/2)} = \frac{5}{2} and e0=1e^0 = 1:
=(5ln⁡(52)−2(52))−(−2)+(2e3−15)−(2(52)−5ln⁡(52))= \left( 5\ln\left(\frac{5}{2}\right) - 2\left(\frac{5}{2}\right) \right) - (-2) + \left( 2e^3 - 15 \right) - \left( 2\left(\frac{5}{2}\right) - 5\ln\left(\frac{5}{2}\right) \right)
=(5ln⁡(52)−5+2)+(2e3−15−5+5ln⁡(52))= \left( 5\ln\left(\frac{5}{2}\right) - 5 + 2 \right) + \left( 2e^3 - 15 - 5 + 5\ln\left(\frac{5}{2}\right) \right)
=5ln⁡(52)−3+2e3−20+5ln⁡(52)= 5\ln\left(\frac{5}{2}\right) - 3 + 2e^3 - 20 + 5\ln\left(\frac{5}{2}\right)
=2e3+10ln⁡(52)−23= 2e^3 + 10\ln\left(\frac{5}{2}\right) - 23

答案

2e3+10ln⁡(52)−232e^3 + 10\ln\left(\frac{5}{2}\right) - 23

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