图示为供车辆通过的隧道的横截面。拱形隧道的形状可以用方程 y=−1.76x2+4.4xy = -1.76x^2 + 4.4x 来建模,其中 yy m 表示地面以上的高度,xx m 表示距离 OO 的水平距离。

  1. (i)

    将 yy 表示为 a(x−b)2+ca(x - b)^2 + c 的形式,其中 aa、bb 和 cc 是常数。

  2. (ii)

    由此或通过其他方法,写出隧道最高点的坐标。

  3. (iii)

    一辆宽 1.8 m、高 2 m 的货车有可能通过该隧道吗?
    请通过计算来说明你的理由。

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完整解法

7(i)

1. Factor out the coefficient of $x^2$ from the quadratic expression.

y=−1.76(x2−2.5x)y = -1.76(x^2 - 2.5x)

2. Complete the square for the expression inside the bracket.

y=−1.76[(x−2.52)2−(2.52)2]y = -1.76 \left[ \left(x - \frac{2.5}{2}\right)^2 - \left(\frac{2.5}{2}\right)^2 \right]
y=−1.76[(x−1.25)2−1.5625]y = -1.76 \left[ (x - 1.25)^2 - 1.5625 \right]

3. Expand to express in the required form.

y=−1.76(x−1.25)2−1.76(−1.5625)y = -1.76(x - 1.25)^2 - 1.76(-1.5625)
y=−1.76(x−1.25)2+2.75y = -1.76(x - 1.25)^2 + 2.75

答案

y=−1.76(x−1.25)2+2.75y = -1.76(x - 1.25)^2 + 2.75

7(ii)

1. Express the quadratic function in completed square form (result from part i)

y=−1.76(x2−2.5x)y = -1.76(x^2 - 2.5x)
y=−1.76[(x−1.25)2−1.252]y = -1.76[(x - 1.25)^2 - 1.25^2]
y=−1.76(x−1.25)2+2.75y = -1.76(x - 1.25)^2 + 2.75

2. State the coordinates of the highest point

The maximum value of yy is 2.752.75, which occurs when x−1.25=0  ⟹  x=1.25x - 1.25 = 0 \implies x = 1.25.
The coordinates of the highest point are (1.25,2.75)(1.25, 2.75).

答案

(1.25,2.75)(1.25, 2.75)

7(iii)

1. Determine the horizontal position of the lorry's edges when it passes through the center of the tunnel

The center of the tunnel is at x=1.25x = 1.25 m (from part ii).
For a lorry of width 1.81.8 m to pass through the center, its edges will be at x=1.25−1.82x = 1.25 - \frac{1.8}{2} and x=1.25+1.82x = 1.25 + \frac{1.8}{2}.
x=1.25−0.9=0.35x = 1.25 - 0.9 = 0.35 m and x=1.25+0.9=2.15x = 1.25 + 0.9 = 2.15 m.

2. Calculate the height of the tunnel at the edge of the lorry

Substitute x=0.35x = 0.35 into the equation of the tunnel:
y=−1.76(0.35)2+4.4(0.35)y = -1.76(0.35)^2 + 4.4(0.35)
y=−0.2156+1.54=1.3244y = -0.2156 + 1.54 = 1.3244 m

3. Compare the tunnel height with the lorry height to conclude

Since the height of the tunnel at the edge of the lorry (1.32441.3244 m) is less than the height of the lorry (22 m), the lorry will hit the tunnel and cannot pass.

答案

No, it is not possible. The height of the tunnel at the edge of the lorry is 1.321.32 m, which is less than the lorry's height of 22 m.

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