曲线 C 由参数方程
x=t1+t,y=t21+tx=\dfrac{t}{1+t},\quad y=\dfrac{t^{2}}{1+t},
其中 tt 取除 −1-1 以外的所有实数值。

  1. (a)

    求 dydx\dfrac{dy}{dx},用 tt 表示你的答案。

  2. (i)

    证明在点 (p1+p,  p21+p)\left(\dfrac{p}{1+p},\;\dfrac{p^{2}}{1+p}\right) 处曲线 C 的切线方程为 y=p(p+2)x−p2y = p(p+2)x - p^{2}。

  3. (ii)

    求过点 (2,5)(2,5) 的曲线 C 的两条切线之间的锐角。

先不看答案,让 AI 诊断你卡在哪里?

它不会直接告诉你答案,而是问你卡在哪一步看看 AI 是怎么陪你一步步弄懂这道题的

完整解法

Revision 2(a)

1. Find the derivative of $x$ with respect to $t$.

Given x=t1+tx = \dfrac{t}{1+t}, using the quotient rule:
dxdt=1(1+t)−t(1)(1+t)2=1(1+t)2\frac{dx}{dt} = \frac{1(1+t) - t(1)}{(1+t)^2} = \frac{1}{(1+t)^2}

2. Find the derivative of $y$ with respect to $t$.

Given y=t21+ty = \dfrac{t^2}{1+t}, using the quotient rule:
dydt=2t(1+t)−t2(1)(1+t)2=2t+2t2−t2(1+t)2=t2+2t(1+t)2\frac{dy}{dt} = \frac{2t(1+t) - t^2(1)}{(1+t)^2} = \frac{2t + 2t^2 - t^2}{(1+t)^2} = \frac{t^2 + 2t}{(1+t)^2}

3. Apply the chain rule for parametric equations to find $\dfrac{dy}{dx}$.

Using the chain rule dydx=dydtdxdt\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{\dfrac{dy}{dt}}{\dfrac{dx}{dt}}:
dydx=t2+2t(1+t)21(1+t)2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\dfrac{t^2 + 2t}{(1+t)^2}}{\dfrac{1}{(1+t)^2}}
dydx=t2+2t\frac{dy}{dx} = t^2 + 2t

答案

t2+2tt^2 + 2t

Revision 2(i)

1. Find the derivative $\frac{dy}{dx}$ parametrically (from part (a) dependency).

Using the quotient rule:
dxdt=(1+t)(1)−t(1)(1+t)2=1(1+t)2\frac{dx}{dt} = \frac{(1+t)(1) - t(1)}{(1+t)^2} = \frac{1}{(1+t)^2}
dydt=(1+t)(2t)−t2(1)(1+t)2=t2+2t(1+t)2\frac{dy}{dt} = \frac{(1+t)(2t) - t^2(1)}{(1+t)^2} = \frac{t^2+2t}{(1+t)^2}
Using the chain rule:
dydx=dydtdxdt=t2+2t=t(t+2)\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\frac{dy}{dt}}{\frac{dx}{dt}} = t^2+2t = t(t+2)

2. Evaluate the gradient of the tangent at the specified point.

At the point (p1+p,  p21+p)\left(\frac{p}{1+p},\;\frac{p^2}{1+p}\right), the parameter is t=pt = p.
Substituting t=pt = p into dydx\frac{dy}{dx}, the gradient of the tangent mm is:
m=p(p+2)m = p(p+2)

3. Formulate the equation of the tangent and simplify it to the required form.

Using the point-gradient equation of a straight line, y−y1=m(x−x1)y - y_1 = m(x - x_1):
y−p21+p=p(p+2)(x−p1+p)y - \frac{p^2}{1+p} = p(p+2) \left( x - \frac{p}{1+p} \right)
Expanding and rearranging for yy:
y=p(p+2)x−p2(p+2)1+p+p21+py = p(p+2)x - \frac{p^2(p+2)}{1+p} + \frac{p^2}{1+p}
y=p(p+2)x−p3+2p2−p21+py = p(p+2)x - \frac{p^3+2p^2-p^2}{1+p}
y=p(p+2)x−p3+p21+py = p(p+2)x - \frac{p^3+p^2}{1+p}
Factorising the numerator of the fraction:
y=p(p+2)x−p2(p+1)1+py = p(p+2)x - \frac{p^2(p+1)}{1+p}
y=p(p+2)x−p2(shown)y = p(p+2)x - p^2 \quad \text{(shown)}

答案

y=p(p+2)x−p2y = p(p+2)x - p^{2}

Revision 2(ii)

1. Substitute the point $(2,5)$ into the tangent equation to form an equation in terms of $p$.

Since the tangent passes through (2,5)(2,5), we substitute x=2x=2 and y=5y=5 into the given equation of the tangent y=p(p+2)x−p2y = p(p+2)x - p^2:
5=p(p+2)(2)−p25 = p(p+2)(2) - p^2

2. Solve the quadratic equation to find the values of $p$.

5=2p2+4p−p25 = 2p^2 + 4p - p^2
p2+4p−5=0p^2 + 4p - 5 = 0
(p+5)(p−1)=0(p+5)(p-1) = 0
p=−5 or p=1p = -5 \text{ or } p = 1

3. Find the gradient of each tangent line.

The gradient of the tangent is given by the coefficient of xx, which is m=p(p+2)m = p(p+2).
For p=−5p = -5, m1=−5(−5+2)=15m_1 = -5(-5+2) = 15.
For p=1p = 1, m2=1(1+2)=3m_2 = 1(1+2) = 3.

4. Calculate the acute angle between the two tangents.

Let θ\theta be the acute angle between the two lines.
Using the formula tan⁡θ=∣m1−m21+m1m2∣\tan \theta = \left| \frac{m_1 - m_2}{1 + m_1 m_2} \right|:
tan⁡θ=∣15−31+(15)(3)∣\tan \theta = \left| \frac{15 - 3}{1 + (15)(3)} \right|
tan⁡θ=1246=623\tan \theta = \frac{12}{46} = \frac{6}{23}
θ=tan⁡−1(623)≈14.6∘\theta = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{6}{23}\right) \approx 14.6^\circ

答案

14.6∘14.6^\circ

AI 分析,可能出错

用 AI 批改,圈出写错的那一步,并自动将你的薄弱点存入错题本,形成你的错因库。

同一知识点的其他题

  1. 1曲线 C 的方程为 x+y=(x−y)2x + y = (x - y)^2。 已知 C 只有一个转向点。 证明 1−dydx=21+2x−2y1 - \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{2}{1 + 2x - 2y}。 由此,或用其他方法,证明 d2ydx2=(1−dydx)3\displaystyle \frac{d^2 y}{dx^2} = \left(1 - \frac{dy}{dx}\right)^3…
  2. 2曲线 C 的方程为 x+y=(x−y)2.x + y = (x - y)^2. 已知 C 只有一个驻点。 证明 1−dydx=21+2x−2y1 - \dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{2}{1 + 2x - 2y}。 由此或用其他方法,证明 d2ydx2=(1−dydx)3.\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2} = \left(1 - \dfrac{dy}{dx}\right)^3.…
  3. 3曲线 C1C_1 的方程为 p2x2−y2=p2p^2x^2 - y^2 = p^2,其中 p>1p > 1。 画出 C1C_1 的草图,用 pp 表示出其与坐标轴的所有交点坐标、所有驻点坐标以及所有渐近线方程。 C1C_1 经过单一变换得到 C2C_2。…
  4. 4曲线 CC 的参数方程为 x=2cos⁡θ+cos⁡2θ,y=2sin⁡θ−sin⁡2θ,x = 2\cos\theta + \cos 2\theta, \quad y = 2\sin\theta - \sin 2\theta, 其中 0<θ<2π0 < \theta < 2\pi 且 θ≠2π3,π,4π3\theta \ne \frac{2\pi}{3}, \pi, \frac{4\pi}{3}…
  5. 5已知 y=1+tan⁡−12xy = \sqrt{1 + \tan^{-1} 2x},其中 −12<x<12-\frac{1}{2} < x < \frac{1}{2}。证明 yd2ydx2+(dydx)2+8x(1+4x2)2=0.y \frac{\mathrm{d}^2 y}{\mathrm{d}x^2} + \left(\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\right)^2 + \frac{8x}{(1 + 4x^2)^2} = 0.…