已知数列 TnT_n 由 Tn=ln(na)+bn2+cT_n = \text{ln}(n^a) + bn^2 + c 给出,其中 n oldsymbolackslashin oldsymbolackslashZ+n \text{ } oldsymbol{\rm ackslash in} \text{ } oldsymbol{\rm ackslash Z}^+。该数列的前三项分别为 99、17.30617.306 和 31.90131.901。

  1. (a)

    求 aa、bb 和 cc 的值,精确到最接近的整数。

  2. (b)

    使用第 (a) 部分中求得的整数值,求数列 TnT_n 前一百项的和。

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完整解法

1(a)

1. Formulate a system of linear equations using the first three terms of the sequence.

Given Tn=ln⁡(na)+bn2+cT_n = \ln(n^a) + bn^2 + c, we substitute n=1,2,3n=1, 2, 3 to form equations based on the given terms.

For n=1n = 1:
T1=ln⁡(1a)+b(1)2+c=9T_1 = \ln(1^a) + b(1)^2 + c = 9
0+b+c=90 + b + c = 9 --- (1)

For n=2n = 2:
T2=ln⁡(2a)+b(2)2+c=17.306T_2 = \ln(2^a) + b(2)^2 + c = 17.306
aln⁡2+4b+c=17.306a\ln 2 + 4b + c = 17.306 --- (2)

For n=3n = 3:
T3=ln⁡(3a)+b(3)2+c=31.901T_3 = \ln(3^a) + b(3)^2 + c = 31.901
aln⁡3+9b+c=31.901a\ln 3 + 9b + c = 31.901 --- (3)

2. Solve the system of equations simultaneously to find the values of $a$, $b$, and $c$.

From (1), c=9−bc = 9 - b. Substitute this into (2) and (3):
aln⁡2+4b+(9−b)=17.306  ⟹  aln⁡2+3b=8.306a\ln 2 + 4b + (9 - b) = 17.306 \implies a\ln 2 + 3b = 8.306 --- (4)
aln⁡3+9b+(9−b)=31.901  ⟹  aln⁡3+8b=22.901a\ln 3 + 9b + (9 - b) = 31.901 \implies a\ln 3 + 8b = 22.901 --- (5)

Multiply (4) by 88 and (5) by 33 to align coefficients for bb:
8aln⁡2+24b=66.4488a\ln 2 + 24b = 66.448
3aln⁡3+24b=68.7033a\ln 3 + 24b = 68.703

Subtracting the first aligned equation from the second to eliminate bb:
a(3ln⁡3−8ln⁡2)=2.255a(3\ln 3 - 8\ln 2) = 2.255
a(−2.2493)≈2.255  ⟹  a≈−1.0025a(-2.2493) \approx 2.255 \implies a \approx -1.0025

Substitute aa back into (4) to find bb:
−1.0025ln⁡2+3b=8.306  ⟹  3b≈9.0009  ⟹  b≈3.0003-1.0025\ln 2 + 3b = 8.306 \implies 3b \approx 9.0009 \implies b \approx 3.0003

Substitute bb to find cc:
c=9−b≈9−3.0003=5.9997c = 9 - b \approx 9 - 3.0003 = 5.9997

3. Round the calculated values to the nearest integer as required.

Rounding the values of aa, bb, and cc to the nearest integers:
a=−1a = -1
b=3b = 3
c=6c = 6

答案

a=−1a = -1, b=3b = 3, c=6c = 6

1(b)

1. Determine the values of $a$, $b$, and $c$ from the given first three terms.

T1=ln⁡(1a)+b(1)2+c=9  ⟹  b+c=9T_1 = \ln(1^a) + b(1)^2 + c = 9 \implies b + c = 9
T2=aln⁡(2)+4b+c=17.306T_2 = a\ln(2) + 4b + c = 17.306
T3=aln⁡(3)+9b+c=31.901T_3 = a\ln(3) + 9b + c = 31.901
Subtracting the first equation from the second and third gives:
aln⁡2+3b=8.306a\ln 2 + 3b = 8.306
aln⁡3+8b=22.901a\ln 3 + 8b = 22.901
Solving these simultaneously yields a≈−1.002a \approx -1.002, b≈3.000b \approx 3.000, and c≈6.000c \approx 6.000. Rounding to the nearest integers, we get a=−1a = -1, b=3b = 3, c=6c = 6.

2. Evaluate the sum of the first 100 terms of the sequence.

Substitute a,b,ca, b, c into the sequence formula:
Tn=ln⁡(n−1)+3n2+6=−ln⁡n+3n2+6T_n = \ln(n^{-1}) + 3n^2 + 6 = -\ln n + 3n^2 + 6
The sum of the first 100 terms is:
S100=∑n=1100(−ln⁡n+3n2+6)S_{100} = \sum_{n=1}^{100} (-\ln n + 3n^2 + 6)
We can evaluate this by applying summation formulas and evaluating with a graphing calculator:
S100=−∑n=1100ln⁡n+3∑n=1100n2+∑n=11006S_{100} = -\sum_{n=1}^{100} \ln n + 3\sum_{n=1}^{100} n^2 + \sum_{n=1}^{100} 6
S100=−ln⁡(100!)+3(100×101×2016)+600S_{100} = -\ln(100!) + 3\left(\frac{100 \times 101 \times 201}{6}\right) + 600
S100=1015650−ln⁡(100!)≈1015286.26S_{100} = 1015650 - \ln(100!) \approx 1015286.26
To 3 significant figures, the sum is 1.02×1061.02 \times 10^6.

答案

1015650−ln⁡(100!)1015650 - \ln(100!) or 1.02×1061.02 \times 10^6

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