The equation of a curve is y=(m+1)x2−8x+3my = (m+1)x^2 - 8x + 3m, where mm is a constant.

  1. (a)

    In the case where m=1m = 1, show that the line y=1−4xy = 1 - 4x is a tangent to the curve. Find the coordinates of the point of contact.

  2. (b)

    Find the range of values of mm for which the curve is above the line y=5y = 5.

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Worked solution

5(a)

1. Substitute $m = 1$ into the equation of the curve and equate it to the line equation.

When m=1m = 1, the curve is y=2x2−8x+3y = 2x^2 - 8x + 3.
Equating the curve and the line y=1−4xy = 1 - 4x:
2x2−8x+3=1−4x2x^2 - 8x + 3 = 1 - 4x
2x2−4x+2=02x^2 - 4x + 2 = 0
x2−2x+1=0x^2 - 2x + 1 = 0

2. Use the discriminant to show that the line is a tangent.

For the equation 2x2−4x+2=02x^2 - 4x + 2 = 0:
Discriminant Δ=b2−4ac\Delta = b^2 - 4ac
Δ=(−4)2−4(2)(2)\Delta = (-4)^2 - 4(2)(2)
Δ=16−16=0\Delta = 16 - 16 = 0
Since the discriminant is 00, the line intersects the curve at exactly one point, hence it is a tangent to the curve.

3. Find the coordinates of the point of contact.

Solving x2−2x+1=0x^2 - 2x + 1 = 0:
(x−1)2=0(x - 1)^2 = 0
x=1x = 1
Substitute x=1x = 1 into the line equation y=1−4xy = 1 - 4x:
y=1−4(1)=−3y = 1 - 4(1) = -3
The coordinates of the point of contact are (1,−3)(1, -3).

Answer

Point of contact: (1,−3)(1, -3)

5(b)

1. Set up the inequality for the curve to be above the line

For the curve to be above the line y=5y = 5 for all real xx, we require:
(m+1)x2−8x+3m>5(m+1)x^2 - 8x + 3m > 5
(m+1)x2−8x+(3m−5)>0(m+1)x^2 - 8x + (3m - 5) > 0

2. State the conditions for the quadratic expression to be always positive

For a quadratic ax2+bx+c>0ax^2 + bx + c > 0 for all xx, we must have:

  1. a>0  ⟹  m+1>0  ⟹  m>−1a > 0 \implies m + 1 > 0 \implies m > -1
  2. Discriminant b2−4ac<0b^2 - 4ac < 0

3. Set up and simplify the discriminant inequality

(−8)2−4(m+1)(3m−5)<0(-8)^2 - 4(m+1)(3m-5) < 0
64−4(3m2−5m+3m−5)<064 - 4(3m^2 - 5m + 3m - 5) < 0
16−(3m2−2m−5)<016 - (3m^2 - 2m - 5) < 0
16−3m2+2m+5<016 - 3m^2 + 2m + 5 < 0
−3m2+2m+21<0-3m^2 + 2m + 21 < 0
3m2−2m−21>03m^2 - 2m - 21 > 0

4. Solve the quadratic inequality in $m$

Factorising the quadratic:
(3m+7)(m−3)>0(3m + 7)(m - 3) > 0
The critical values are m=−73m = -\frac{7}{3} and m=3m = 3.
Since the parabola opens upwards and we want the region >0> 0, the solution is:
m<−73orm>3m < -\frac{7}{3} \quad \text{or} \quad m > 3

5. Combine the conditions to find the final range of $m$

We must satisfy both m>−1m > -1 and (m<−73 or m>3)(m < -\frac{7}{3} \text{ or } m > 3).
Taking the intersection of these intervals, we get:
m>3m > 3

Answer

m>3m > 3

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