The equation of a curve is y=3xsin⁡2x+1y = 3x \sin 2x + 1. The point A(π,1)A(\pi, 1) lies on the curve. The normal to the curve at AA meets the xx-axis at PP and the yy-axis at QQ. Find length of PQPQ.

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Worked solution

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1. Differentiate the equation of the curve to find the gradient function.

Given y=3xsin⁡2x+1y = 3x \sin 2x + 1.
Using the product rule and chain rule:
dydx=3sin⁡2x+3x(2cos⁡2x)\frac{dy}{dx} = 3 \sin 2x + 3x (2 \cos 2x)
dydx=3sin⁡2x+6xcos⁡2x\frac{dy}{dx} = 3 \sin 2x + 6x \cos 2x

2. Find the gradient of the tangent at point $A(\pi, 1)$.

Substitute x=πx = \pi into dydx\frac{dy}{dx}:
dydx∣x=π=3sin⁡(2π)+6πcos⁡(2π)\frac{dy}{dx}\Big|_{x=\pi} = 3 \sin(2\pi) + 6\pi \cos(2\pi)
Since sin⁡(2π)=0\sin(2\pi) = 0 and cos⁡(2π)=1\cos(2\pi) = 1:
Gradient of tangent, mt=3(0)+6π(1)=6πm_t = 3(0) + 6\pi(1) = 6\pi

3. Find the gradient of the normal at point $A$.

Gradient of normal, mn=−1mtm_n = -\frac{1}{m_t}
mn=−16πm_n = -\frac{1}{6\pi}

4. Find the equation of the normal at $A(\pi, 1)$.

Using y−y1=mn(x−x1)y - y_1 = m_n(x - x_1):
y−1=−16π(x−π)y - 1 = -\frac{1}{6\pi}(x - \pi)
y=−16πx+16+1y = -\frac{1}{6\pi}x + \frac{1}{6} + 1
y=−16πx+76y = -\frac{1}{6\pi}x + \frac{7}{6}

5. Find the coordinates of $P$ (x-intercept) and $Q$ (y-intercept).

For PP (x-intercept), set y=0y = 0:
0=−16πx+760 = -\frac{1}{6\pi}x + \frac{7}{6}
16πx=76\frac{1}{6\pi}x = \frac{7}{6}
x=7πx = 7\pi
So, P(7π,0)P(7\pi, 0).

For QQ (y-intercept), set x=0x = 0:
y=76y = \frac{7}{6}
So, Q(0,76)Q(0, \frac{7}{6}).

6. Calculate the length of $PQ$.

Length PQ=(7π−0)2+(0−76)2PQ = \sqrt{(7\pi - 0)^2 + (0 - \frac{7}{6})^2}
PQ=49π2+4936PQ = \sqrt{49\pi^2 + \frac{49}{36}}
PQ=1764π2+4936PQ = \sqrt{\frac{1764\pi^2 + 49}{36}}
PQ=7636π2+1PQ = \frac{7}{6}\sqrt{36\pi^2 + 1}

Answer

36π4+16π\frac{\sqrt{36\pi^4 + 1}}{6\pi}

AI analysis — may contain mistakes.

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