The diagram shows a circle passing through the points P, Q, R and S. Chord SQ and RP intersect at T. The straight line URV is a tangent to the circle at R. The tangent meets the line SQ extended at U such that RU = RS.

  1. (a)

    Show that triangle RQU is isosceles.

  2. (b)

    Show that angle SPT = 2×2 \times angle QPT.

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Worked solution

4(b)

1. Use the alternate segment theorem to relate angle URQ to angle QSR.

By the alternate segment theorem, ∠URQ=∠QSR\angle URQ = \angle QSR.

2. Use the result from part (a) to relate angle URQ to angle RQU, and then to angle QSR.

From part (a), △RQU\triangle RQU is isosceles with RU=RQRU = RQ, so ∠URQ=∠RQU\angle URQ = \angle RQU. Therefore, ∠RQU=∠QSR\angle RQU = \angle QSR.

3. Use angles in the same segment to relate angle QSR to angle QPR, and angle RQS to angle RPS.

Angles in the same segment are equal, so ∠QPR=∠QSR\angle QPR = \angle QSR and ∠RPS=∠RQS\angle RPS = \angle RQS.

4. Combine the equalities to show the required relationship.

Since ∠RQU=∠RQS\angle RQU = \angle RQS (same angle) and ∠RQU=∠QSR\angle RQU = \angle QSR, we have ∠RQS=∠QSR\angle RQS = \angle QSR.
Thus, ∠RPS=∠QPR\angle RPS = \angle QPR.
Since TT lies on RPRP, ∠QPT=∠QPR\angle QPT = \angle QPR and ∠SPT=∠RPS+∠QPR=2∠QPR=2∠QPT\angle SPT = \angle RPS + \angle QPR = 2 \angle QPR = 2 \angle QPT.

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