A curve is such that d2ydx2=3e2x−e−x\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2}=3e^{2x}-e^{-x}. The curve cuts the y-axis at P (0, 1) and has a gradient of 4 at P.

  1. (a)

    Show that the curve has no stationary points.

  2. (b)

    Find the equation of the curve.

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Worked solution

9(a)

1. Integrate the second derivative to find the general expression for the first derivative.

dydx=∫(3e2x−e−x) dx\frac{dy}{dx} = \int (3e^{2x} - e^{-x}) \, dx
dydx=32e2x+e−x+C\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{3}{2}e^{2x} + e^{-x} + C

2. Find the constant of integration using the given gradient at $x=0$.

At P(0,1)P(0, 1), x=0x = 0 and dydx=4\frac{dy}{dx} = 4.
4=32e0+e0+C4 = \frac{3}{2}e^{0} + e^{0} + C
4=32+1+C4 = \frac{3}{2} + 1 + C
C=32C = \frac{3}{2}
dydx=32e2x+e−x+32\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{3}{2}e^{2x} + e^{-x} + \frac{3}{2}

3. Show that the first derivative is never zero.

For a stationary point to exist, dydx=0\frac{dy}{dx} = 0.
However, for all real xx, e2x>0e^{2x} > 0 and e−x>0e^{-x} > 0.
Therefore, 32e2x+e−x+32>0\frac{3}{2}e^{2x} + e^{-x} + \frac{3}{2} > 0 for all real xx.
Since dydx≠0\frac{dy}{dx} \neq 0 for all xx, the curve has no stationary points.

Answer

Shown that dydx>0\frac{dy}{dx} > 0 for all real xx, hence no stationary points.

9(b)

1. Find the expression for the gradient, $\frac{dy}{dx}$, by integrating $\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}$ and using the given gradient at $P$.

dydx=∫(3e2x−e−x) dx\frac{dy}{dx} = \int (3e^{2x} - e^{-x}) \, dx
dydx=32e2x+e−x+c\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{3}{2}e^{2x} + e^{-x} + c
At x=0x = 0, dydx=4\frac{dy}{dx} = 4:
32e0+e0+c=4\frac{3}{2}e^{0} + e^{0} + c = 4
32+1+c=4  ⟹  c=32\frac{3}{2} + 1 + c = 4 \implies c = \frac{3}{2}
dydx=32e2x+e−x+32\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{3}{2}e^{2x} + e^{-x} + \frac{3}{2}

2. Integrate $\frac{dy}{dx}$ to find the general equation for $y$.

y=∫(32e2x+e−x+32) dxy = \int \left(\frac{3}{2}e^{2x} + e^{-x} + \frac{3}{2}\right) \, dx
y=34e2x−e−x+32x+dy = \frac{3}{4}e^{2x} - e^{-x} + \frac{3}{2}x + d

3. Use the coordinates of $P$ to find the constant of integration and state the final equation.

At x=0x = 0, y=1y = 1:
34e0−e0+32(0)+d=1\frac{3}{4}e^{0} - e^{0} + \frac{3}{2}(0) + d = 1
34−1+d=1\frac{3}{4} - 1 + d = 1
−14+d=1  ⟹  d=54-\frac{1}{4} + d = 1 \implies d = \frac{5}{4}

Equation of the curve:
y=34e2x−e−x+32x+54y = \frac{3}{4}e^{2x} - e^{-x} + \frac{3}{2}x + \frac{5}{4}

Answer

y=34e2x−e−x+32x+54y = \frac{3}{4}e^{2x} - e^{-x} + \frac{3}{2}x + \frac{5}{4}

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