The diagram shows a trapezium with vertices A(−3,10)A(-3, 10), B(0,p)B(0, p), C(1,6)C(1, 6) and DD. The sides ABAB and DCDC are parallel and the angle BADBAD is a right angle. Angle ABEABE is equal to angle CBECBE.

  1. (a)

    Express the gradients of lines ABAB and CBCB in terms of pp and hence, or otherwise, show that p=4p = 4.

  2. (b)

    Show that the equation of line ADAD is y=12x+232y = \frac{1}{2}x + \frac{23}{2}.

    Hence find the coordinates of the point DD.

  3. (c)

    Find the area of the trapezium ABCDABCD.

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Worked solution

10(a)

1. Express the gradient of line $AB$ in terms of $p$.

Gradient of AB=p−100−(−3)=p−103AB = \frac{p - 10}{0 - (-3)} = \frac{p - 10}{3}

2. Express the gradient of line $CB$ in terms of $p$.

Gradient of CB=6−p1−0=6−pCB = \frac{6 - p}{1 - 0} = 6 - p

3. Use the angle property to relate the gradients and solve for $p$.

Since BB and EE both lie on the yy-axis, the line BEBE is the yy-axis.
Given ∠ABE=∠CBE\angle ABE = \angle CBE, the lines ABAB and CBCB make equal angles with the vertical yy-axis.
Therefore, their gradients must be equal in magnitude but opposite in sign (reflections across the yy-axis).
mAB=−mCBm_{AB} = -m_{CB}
p−103=−(6−p)\frac{p - 10}{3} = -(6 - p)
p−103=p−6\frac{p - 10}{3} = p - 6
p−10=3p−18p - 10 = 3p - 18
2p=82p = 8
p=4p = 4

Answer

Gradient of AB=p−103AB = \frac{p - 10}{3}, Gradient of CB=6−pCB = 6 - p. Shown p=4p = 4.

10(c)

1. Find the equation of line $DC$ and the coordinates of $D$ (from part b).

Gradient of AB=10−4−3−0=−2AB = \frac{10 - 4}{-3 - 0} = -2.
Since ABAB is parallel to DCDC, the gradient of DCDC is −2-2.
Equation of DCDC passing through C(1,6)C(1, 6):
y−6=−2(x−1)  ⟹  y=−2x+8y - 6 = -2(x - 1) \implies y = -2x + 8
To find DD, solve the equations of ADAD and DCDC simultaneously:
12x+232=−2x+8\frac{1}{2}x + \frac{23}{2} = -2x + 8
52x=−72  ⟹  x=−1.4\frac{5}{2}x = -\frac{7}{2} \implies x = -1.4
y=−2(−1.4)+8=10.8y = -2(-1.4) + 8 = 10.8
So, DD is (−1.4,10.8)(-1.4, 10.8).

2. Apply the shoelace formula to find the area of trapezium $ABCD$.

Using the vertices in anti-clockwise order: A(−3,10)A(-3, 10), D(−1.4,10.8)D(-1.4, 10.8), C(1,6)C(1, 6), B(0,4)B(0, 4):
Area=12∣−3−1.410−31010.86410∣\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \left| \begin{matrix} -3 & -1.4 & 1 & 0 & -3 \\ 10 & 10.8 & 6 & 4 & 10 \end{matrix} \right|
Area=12∣(−3)(10.8)+(−1.4)(6)+(1)(4)+(0)(10)−(10(−1.4)+10.8(1)+6(0)+4(−3))∣\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} | (-3)(10.8) + (-1.4)(6) + (1)(4) + (0)(10) - (10(-1.4) + 10.8(1) + 6(0) + 4(-3)) |
Area=12∣−32.4−8.4+4+0−(−14+10.8+0−12)∣\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} | -32.4 - 8.4 + 4 + 0 - (-14 + 10.8 + 0 - 12) |
Area=12∣−36.8−(−15.2)∣\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} | -36.8 - (-15.2) |
Area=12∣−21.6∣=10.8\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} | -21.6 | = 10.8

Answer

10.810.8 units2^2

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