Given that y=ln⁡(x+3)33x+9y = \frac{\ln(x+3)^3}{3x+9} for x>−3x > -3, find the set of values of xx for which yy is an increasing function of xx. Give your answer in terms of e.

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Worked solution

4

1. Simplify the expression for $y$ using laws of logarithms.

y=ln⁡(x+3)33x+9y = \frac{\ln(x+3)^3}{3x+9}
y=3ln⁡(x+3)3(x+3)y = \frac{3\ln(x+3)}{3(x+3)}
y=ln⁡(x+3)x+3y = \frac{\ln(x+3)}{x+3}

2. Differentiate $y$ with respect to $x$ using the quotient rule.

Let u=ln⁡(x+3)u = \ln(x+3) and v=x+3v = x+3.
dudx=1x+3\frac{du}{dx} = \frac{1}{x+3}
dvdx=1\frac{dv}{dx} = 1
dydx=vdudx−udvdxv2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{v \frac{du}{dx} - u \frac{dv}{dx}}{v^2}
dydx=(x+3)(1x+3)−ln⁡(x+3)(1)(x+3)2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{(x+3)\left(\frac{1}{x+3}\right) - \ln(x+3)(1)}{(x+3)^2}
dydx=1−ln⁡(x+3)(x+3)2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1 - \ln(x+3)}{(x+3)^2}

3. Set up the inequality for an increasing function.

For yy to be an increasing function of xx, dydx>0\frac{dy}{dx} > 0.
1−ln⁡(x+3)(x+3)2>0\frac{1 - \ln(x+3)}{(x+3)^2} > 0

4. Solve the inequality for $x$, taking into account the given domain.

Since (x+3)2>0(x+3)^2 > 0 for all x>−3x > -3, we must have:
1−ln⁡(x+3)>01 - \ln(x+3) > 0
ln⁡(x+3)<1\ln(x+3) < 1
x+3<e1x+3 < \text{e}^1
x<e−3x < \text{e} - 3

Given the domain x>−3x > -3, the set of values is:
−3<x<e−3-3 < x < \text{e} - 3

Answer

−3<x<e−3-3 < x < \text{e} - 3

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