A tangent to a circle at the point intersects the x-axis at . The line with the equation is normal to the circle at another point.
- (a)
Find the equation of the circle.
- (b)
Find, in exact form, the equations of the tangents to the circle that are parallel to the x-axis.
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Worked solution
5(a)
1. Find the gradient of the tangent at the point $(4, 3)$
The tangent passes through and .
Gradient of tangent,
2. Find the gradient and equation of the normal at $(4, 3)$
Gradient of normal,
Equation of normal at :
3. Find the coordinates of the centre of the circle
The centre of the circle lies on the intersection of any two normals.
Given normal:
Substitute into the given normal:
Centre of the circle is .
4. Calculate the square of the radius
Radius is the distance from the centre to the point on the circle.
5. Write the equation of the circle
Equation of the circle:
5(b)
1. Find the center and radius of the circle from the information in part (a)
Gradient of tangent at passing through is .
Gradient of normal at is .
Equation of normal: .
The other normal is .
Solving simultaneously for the center:
.
.
Center is .
Radius .
2. Determine the equations of the horizontal tangents
Tangents parallel to the x-axis are horizontal lines of the form .
The distance from the center to these tangents is equal to the radius .
Therefore, the y-coordinates of the tangents are .
and
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